Sleep disturbance, associated symptoms, and quality of life in adults living with HIV in Jakarta, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Adverse symptom experiences, including sleep disturbances, are important negative predictors of quality of life (QoL), but few studies conducted in low-income countries have examined the impact of poor sleep and its associated symptoms on QoL among people living with HIV (PLWH). To this end, 200 PLWH who were receiving treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) were recruited through a community nongovernment organization in Jakarta, Indonesia. Validated instruments measured QoL, sleep disturbance, fatigue, pain, ART adherence, substance use, drug use severity, and methadone treatment. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and multivariate linear regression were conducted to identify independent correlates of QoL. Overall, participants perceived their QoL as being good to very good (mean = 105.70, standard deviation = 14.7) and higher among women than men (p < 0.05). After adjusting for sex, education, drug-use severity, and ART adherence, QoL was negatively associated with fatigue, insomnia, and pharmacological treatment with methadone. Along with other known symptoms of HIV, sleep problems and their complications are important to clinically address and research more fully to assure satisfying QoL among PLWH.

KEYWORDS:

• Antiretroviral therapy
• Indonesia
• sleep
• substance use
• quality of life

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge funding for this study through a PhD dissertation award to the senior author from UIC AIDS International Training and Research Program (D43 TW001419). The authors thank Kevin Grandfield, Publication Manager of the UIC Department of Biobehavioral Health Science for his editorial assistance.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Ethical approval

All procedures involving human subjects in this study were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual study participants.

Additional information

Funding

The study was funded through a dissertation award to the senior author by the UIC AIDS International Training and Research Program (D43 TW001419).