Debate: Radical reform or path dependency in action? The UK's welfare reforms

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Notes

^* The WFTC and DPTC were both replaced by the Working Tax Credit (WTC) from 2003 onwards.

^** ESA was in the 2009 Welfare Reform Act and not implemented fully until 2011.

^*** R² represents the coefficient of determination. An R2 value close to 1 indicates that the data is very close to the linear regression line, and is indicative of strong path dependency.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Peter Hill

Peter Hill is a lecturer (business economics and quantitative methods) at the University of Roehampton, London, UK.