Fibronectin and laminin increase resistance to ionizing radiation and the cytotoxic drug Ukrain^® in human tumour and normal cells in vitro

Abstract

Purpose: Cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions are thought to mediate drug and radiation resistance. Dependence of cell survival, β1‐integrin expression and cell cycling on the ECM proteins and β1‐integrin ligands fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LA) were examined in malignant and normal cells exposed to the cytotoxic drug Ukrain plus/minus irradiation.

Materials and methods: Human A549 lung cancer and MDAMB231 (MDA231) breast cancer cells and normal fibroblasts (HSF1) grown on FN, LA, bovine serum albumin (BSA) or polystyrene were treated with Ukrain (1 µg ml⁻¹, 24 h) plus/minus irradiation (2–8 Gy) and the effects studied using colony formation assays, flow cytometry (β1‐integrin, DNA analysis) and adhesion assays.

Results: FN and LA reduced the cytotoxic effect of single Ukrain treatment compared with polystyrene and BSA. FN and LA also abolished Ukrain‐dependent radiosensitization in A549 cells and decreased the radiosensitivity of MDA231 and HSF1 cells. Single Ukrain exposure on polystyrene significantly reduced β1‐integrin expression and promoted G2‐phase accumulation of A549 cells. In contrast, Ukrain‐treated MDA231 and HSF1 cells showed elevated β1‐integrin expression and no Ukrain‐specific cell cycle effect. Under Ukrain‐radiation exposure, irradiation, FN or LA abolished Ukrain‐mediated reduction of β1‐integrin expression and G2‐phase accumulation in A549 cells, whereas in MDA231 cells and fibroblasts β1‐integrin expression and cell cycle distribution were stabilized. Cell adhesion to FN or LA was significantly impaired (A549) or improved (MDA231, HSF1) upon Ukrain treatment.

Conclusions: The data corroborate the findings of other groups that cell adhesion‐mediated resistance to either single or combined drug and radiation exposure is tightly correlated to specific ECM proteins. By demonstrating a strong modulatory impact of FN and LA on the radiosensitivity‐modifying activity of the drug Ukrain, these findings are also highly important for the assessment of drug and radiation effects within in vitro cytotoxicity studies. The data give the first mechanistic insights into specific FN‐ and LA‐modulated cellular resistance mechanisms as well as into the important role for β1‐integrins using the unique cytotoxic and radiosensitivity‐modifying drug Ukrain.