Effect of cobalt-60 gamma radiation on total hemocyte content and biochemical parameters in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)

Abstract

Purpose: The effect of low level cobalt-60 (⁶⁰Co) gamma radiation on the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii was evaluated by observing their hemocyte counts and biochemical parameters.

Materials and methods: Prawns were exposed to 3, 30, 300 and 3000 milligray (mGy) dose levels and their tissues of gills, hepatopancreas and muscle were analyzed.

Results: The results showed that the number of hemocytes in the hemolymph and concentrations of protein and carbohydrate were significantly reduced in irradiated groups than compared to the control prawn. Increased aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Acetyl choline esterase (AChE) in the irradiated groups reflects tissue damage.

Conclusions: Hence, this study concludes that even low level of ionizing radiation (⁶⁰Co gamma) can cause acute damages in gills, hepatopancreas and muscles in irradiated groups.

Highlights

• ⁶⁰Co exposures effect the THC and biochemical of prawn M. rosenbergii.

• Different dose levels such as 3, 30, 300 and 3000 mGy.

• Biochemical parameters serve as reliable indicators of physical status of organism.

• Self-regulating mechanisms might be the reason for preventing from the lethality.

• Suggested that nuclear industries should manage below 3 mGy.

Keywords:

• M. rosenbergii
• biochemical
• total hemocyte count (THC)
• ⁶⁰Co
• tissue damaging enzymes

Acknowledgments

Authors were thankful to Dr. A.K. Khaja Nazeemudeen Sahib, Secretary and Correspondent, Dr. S. Ismail Mohideen, Principal and Dr. I. Joseph Antony Jerald, Head, P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli for Institutional support. Thanks are due to the Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Department of Atomic Energy, Mumbai for funding the project. The Director, GVN Cancer Cure Research Centre and Hospital, Tiruchirappalli is remembered with gratitude for technical support.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

A. Stalin

Dr. A. Stalin, worked as an Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, National College (Autonomous) and expertise in the field of Radiation Biology.

P. Suganthi

Dr. P. Suganthi, completed her Ph.D. in 2019 and expertise in the field of Nanoecotoxicology.

S. Mathivani

Mrs. S. Mathivani, completed her M.Phil. in 2017 and expertise in the field of insect control by nanoparticles.

K. V. Broos

Dr. K.V. Broos, completed his Ph.D. in 2015 and expertise in the field of Radiation Biology.

V. Gokula

Dr. V. Gokula, worked as an Associate Professor and Head, Department of Zoology, National College (Autonomous) and expertise in the field of Ornithology.

A. Sadiq Bukhari

Dr. A. Sadiq Bukhari, worked as an Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) and expertise in the field of Environmental Radiation.

H. E. Syed Mohamed

Dr. H.E. Syed Mohamed, worked as an Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) and expertise in the field of Environmental Radiation.

R. K. Singhal

Dr. R.K. Singhal worked as a Scientist, Analytical Spectroscopy Section, Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India.

P. Venu-Babu

Dr. P. Venu-Babu worked as a Scientist, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India.