Acknowledgements
The authors thank Drs Mark P. Little (NCI, USA) and Dörthe Schaue (UCLA, USA) for helpful discussion. ISGlobal acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the ‘Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023’ Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program.
Disclosure statement
The authors report no conflict of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. The views expressed in this paper represent collective opinions of the authors, and are not necessarily those of their professional affiliations.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Sisko Salomaa
Sisko Salomaa, Ph.D, is Professor of radiobiology in University of Eastern Finland and Coordinator of National Radiation Safety Research Program in STUK. As part of setting up the European low dose program (MELODI), she coordinated DoReMi Network of Excellence 2010–2015. She is representative of Finland to UNSCEAR and a member of ICRP C1.
Elisabeth Cardis
Elisabeth Cardis, Ph.D, is Research Professor in Radiation Epidemiology at ISGlobal. Before moving to CREAL (now ISGlobal Campus MAR) in 2008, she was the head of the Radiation Group at IARC in Lyon, where she coordinated studies of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation for over 20 years. She was a visiting scientist at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation in Hiroshima, Japan, in 1981–1982 and received a PhD in Biostatistics from the School of Public Health of the University of Washington in Seattle, in 1985.
Simon D. Bouffler
Simon D. Bouffler, Ph.D, leads the Radiation Effects Department at Public Health England. He is involved in several European research initiatives and is currently Chair of the MELODI Strategic Research Agenda working group. He leads the UK delegation to UNSCEAR and is a Main Commission member of ICRP.
Michael J. Atkinson
Michael J. Atkinson, Ph.D, is Professor of Radiation Biology at the Medical Faculty of the Technical University of Munich, Director of the Institute of Radiation Biology at the Helmholtz Zentrum München, and a member of the Federal Radiation Protection Commission in Germany.
Nobuyuki Hamada
Nobuyuki Hamada, RT, Ph.D, is Research Scientist at CRIEPI Radiation Safety Research Center and Visiting Professor at Hiroshima University Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine. He serves on ICRP Task Groups 102 and 111, NCRP PAC 1, and IRPA Phase 3 Task Group on the implementation of the eye lens dose limits. He has published >115 papers in peer reviewed international journals.