Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the two reviewers for their helpful comments. The work of MPL was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, the National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics.
Disclosure statement
The authors report no conflict of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. The views expressed in this paper represent collective opinions of the authors, and are not necessarily those of their professional affiliations.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Evagelia C. Laiakis
Evagelia C. Laiakis, Ph.D, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Oncology at Georgetown University. She received her Ph.D. degree from the University of Maryland at Baltimore under the mentorship of Dr. William F. Morgan. She is an elected Council Member to NCRP and has been serving at PAC-1 since 2016. She is also a Councilor-at-Large of the Radiation Research Society, the recipient of the 2019 Jack Fowler Award, and a dedicated mentor to students and postdocs.
Vinita Chauhan
Vinita Chauhan, Ph.D, is a research scientist at the Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada. She graduated with a Ph.D in Biochemistry from the University of Ottawa and has been employed at Health Canada for the past 20 years. She is a member of the High Level Group on Low Dose Research and Extended Advisory Group on Molecular Screening and Toxicogenomics of the OECD.
Mark P. Little
Mark P. Little, D.Phil, joined NCI Radiation Epidemiology Branch (REB) in 2010, and was promoted to a Senior Investigator in 2012. Previously (2000–2010), he worked in Imperial College London, and before that (1992–2000) at UK National Radiological Protection Board (now part of Public Health England). He is a member of Council of NCRP, and has served as consultant to UNSCEAR, to IAEA, to ICRP, to the UK COMARE, and to NCRP SC 1–21 and 1–26. He has particular statistical interests in machine learning algorithms and dose measurement error models. He has over 280 publications in the peer-reviewed literature.
Gayle E. Woloschak
Gayle E. Woloschak, Ph.D, is a Professor of Radiation Oncology and Professor of Radiology at Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine. She is currently Chair of NCRP PAC 1, a member of ICRP Committee 1, and a member of the US delegation to UNSCEAR.
Michael M. Weil
Michael M. Weil, Ph.D, is a Professor of Cancer Genetics at Colorado State University. He is the Director of the NASA Specialized Center of Research on Carcinogenesis and a member of NCRP PAC1.
Nobuyuki Hamada
Nobuyuki Hamada, RT, Ph.D, is a Senior Research Scientist at CRIEPI Radiation Safety Research Center and a Visiting Professor at Hiroshima University Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine. He serves on ICRP Task Groups 102 and 111, NCRP PAC 1, IRPA Phase 3 Task Group on the implementation of the eye lens dose limits, Consultation Committee on AOP development for space flight health outcomes (Canadian project), and Scientific Committee for the 2021 MELODI Workshop on AOP for radiation effects. He has published >125 papers in peer reviewed international journals.