Influence of Intracellular Thiol and Polyamine Levels on Radioprotection by Aminothiols

Abstract

We examined the effect of manipulating the levels of two endogenous radioprotectors, glutathione (GSH) and polyamines, on the ability of exogenous aminothiols to protect Chinese hamster ovary cells from the lethal effects of γ-radiation. Treatment with 0·5 mmol dm⁻³ buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) for 24 h depleted GSH levels to < 1% of control and significantly sensitized the cells to irradiation in air. Undepleted control cells were protected by WR-1065 (4 mmol dm⁻³; 30-min preirradiation treatment at 37°C) by 2·09-fold (range 1·98–2·21) at the 10% survival level, whereas BSO-treated cells were protected by a factor of 1·98 (range 1·95–2·14) at this survival level. Thus, GSH depletion had no significant effect on the radioprotective capacity of WR-1065. Treating cells with 1 mmol dm⁻³ α-difluoromethyl ornithine (DFMO) for 48 h depleted the polyamines putrescine and spermidine to very low levels, while spermine was not significantly depleted. DFMO also sensitized cells to aerobic irradiation. WR-1065 protected DFMO-treated cells by 2·29-fold (range 2·08–2·53), whereas undepleted control cells were protected by 2·09-fold (range 1·98–2·21) at the 10% survival level. Thus, WR-1065 appeared to offset the radiosensitizing effect of the DFMO treatment. Cysteamine, on the other hand, protected control and DFMO-treated cells to the same extent. We also examined the effect of combinations of exogenous thiols on radiosensitivity. Cells were treated with WR-1065 (4 mmol dm⁻³) for 30 min and then with increasing concentrations of dithiothreitol for 5 min prior to irradiation. The protective effects of these two thiols were simply additive.