Fractionated Irradiation and Late Changes in Rat Parotid Gland: Effects on the Number of Acinar Cells, Potassium Efflux, and Amylase Secretion

Abstract

Irradiation of head- and neck cancer commonly results in oral dryness and discomfort for the patients due to salivary gland damage. The exact mechanisms behind the inherent radiosensitivity of salivary glands remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we used different in vitro secretory models and quantitative morphological characterization of rat parotid gland following fractionated unilateral irradiation to one gland on a 5-day fraction schedule (Monday–Friday) with 6 MV photons (total dose 30, 35, 40 and 45 Gy) or a two-fractions regimen in 5 days (Monday and Friday) with total dose of 24 and 32 Gy. The contralateral shielded gland served as control, and parallel analyses of irradiated and control glands were performed 180 days following the last irradiation treatment. The relative noradrenaline stimulated electrolyte secretion (⁸⁶rubidium tracer for potassium) was decreased in the irradiated compared with control glands. The noradrenaline-stimulated exocytotic amylase release was not significantly affected by irradiation, but the gland content of amylase was decreased dose-dependently. The quantitative morphological analysis revealed a dose-dependent decline in the number of acinar cells, whereas the other parenchymal cells (intercalated, striated- and excretory duct cells) were unaffected by the irradiation compared with control glands.