Uracil-DNA Glycosylase Produces Excess Lethal Damage Induced by an Auger Cascade in BrdU-labelled Bacteriophage T1

Abstract

T1 phages with and without 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling were irradiated in solids with monochromatic X-rays at 12·40 and 13·51 keV, below and just above the K-absorption edge of bromine (13·47 keV) in vacuum and wet states. Irradiated phages were assayed on uracil-DNA glycosylase (Udg) deficient (ung-1) and sufficient (ung⁺) host strains of Escherichia coli, in order to investigate the nature of the lethal damage induced by Auger cascade following X-ray absorption at the K-shell of bromine as a key atom. The results were: (1) An Auger-specific enhancement (1·15) was observed only when BrdU-labelled phages were irradiated in the wet state and assayed on ung⁺ host cells. (2) A Udg-specific enhancement was observed only for BrdU-labelled phages, not for unlabelled phages. (3) The sensitivities of BrdU-unlabelled phages were almost the same, despite the irradiation states and strains of the host cell, indicating that this sensitivity was a common fraction of the sensitivity under all conditions. (4) The lethal damage for the T1 phage was categorized into four fractions according to the sensitivities under different conditions: the general fraction was defined as being the sensitivity of unlabelled phages (G-fraction); BrdU-specific, but unrecognizable by Udg (B-fraction); Udg specific, but not Auger-specific (U-fraction); and Auger-specific (A-fraction). (5) Although the so-called indirect action of water radicals increased only the G-fraction by about three-fold, the B- and U-fractions were not affected by any change in the irradiation states, thus indicating that these two fractions were caused by the so-called direct action.