Differential access to health care and support? A qualitative analysis of how Australian smokers conceptualise and respond to stigma

Abstract

Scholarship on stigma, originally theorised as a ‘mark’ of social disgrace or difference, has since moved away from individual-level analyses to consider the socio-cultural context in the ‘marking’ of groups of people. In response to this theoretical shift, scholars have demonstrated how extensive tobacco denormalisation policies have contributed to the stigmatisation of smokers, documenting smokers’ experiences of stigma across a number of developed countries. We extend this analysis to the Australian context, examining smokers’ constructions of stigma and their reactions to policies that would give smokers differential access to healthcare. Based on 29 interviews with Australian smokers, we focus on what constitutes evidence of stigma and how participants use social comparisons to respond to stigma. We then explore an assumption underpinning participants’ accounts of stigma: that only smokers committed to cessation are ‘deserving’ of treatment. We close by discussing theoretical perspectives and opportunities in stigma research and the need to extend a stigma lens to study emerging public health issues, such as electronic cigarettes.

Keywords:

• Stigma
• smoking
• tobacco denormalisation
• qualitative research
• Australia

Notes

1. In Australia, it is illegal to charge any group more than another for private health insurance.