Good and bad sugars: Australian adults’ perspectives on sugar in their diet

ABSTRACT

This study analyses the relationship between food choices and morality by exploring how Australian adults conceptualise and negotiate their sugar intake. Fifteen in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with English speaking adults residing in South Australia. Participants were purposively sampled from a national survey based on their sugar consumption levels, age and gender. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Participants initially defined sugars as good or bad based on source, colour, texture, taste and impact of sugar on health. On being provided with evidence on amounts of sugar present in commonly consumed foods and drinks, participants redefined their perceptions to consider all sugars as bad sugars. This created moral challenges for the participants leading to two types of justifications for their own sugar consumption. One group of justifications drew on socially evaluative statements that participants used to present themselves as morally virtuous. Here sugar was considered as an essential source of energy and part of a balanced diet; limited to infrequent occasions such as celebrations, social gatherings and cultural practices; and as a cultural obligation. The second group of justifications located the source of morality within the individual and presented sugar intake as important for emotional and psychological wellbeing, and also as something that could be controlled by taking responsibility. There were no differences in discourses between low and high sugar consumers. This study provides new insights on how Australians conceptualise sugar in diet and make consumption decisions, which are important for influencing sugar consumption at a societal level.

KEYWORDS:

• Sugar consumption
• qualitative
• adults
• healthy eating
• morality

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the participants of this study for taking time to participate and share their perspectives with us. We would also like to thank the Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health at The University of Adelaide responsible for providing us with the participants’ information and offering small gift packs to the participants as a token of appreciation for their participation in the interviews.

Contribution of authors

AG under the guidance of ABM was primarily responsible for the data collection, data coding and analysis and writing of the manuscript. AG and ABM went through several discussions before finalising the thematic framework and the layout of the manuscript. LS and JH engaged in several discussions throughout the study process and gave advice on sampling, data collection and interview questions. JC provided expert guidance on developing and enhancing the morality framework used in this study. All authors provided valuable feedback and suggestions on the final draft of the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here.

Additional information

Funding

AG received a scholarship from a Doctoral scholarship by University of Adelaide .