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Abstract
Introduction of US-8 genotypes of Phytophthora infestans has coincided with an increase in severity of potato late blight in North America. As alternatives to chemical fungicides, 18 bacterial strains patented as biological control agents (BCA) of both sprouting and Fusarium dry rot were cultivated in three liquid media and screened in wounded potato bioassays for their ability to suppress late blight incited by P. infestans (US-8, mating type A2). Washed or unwashed stationary-phase bacteria were mixed with fungal zoospores to inoculate potato wounds with 5µL containing ∼108 bacterial CFU/mL and 2×104 zoospore count/mL. Disease suppressiveness was evaluated after tubers were stored a week at 15°C, 90% relative humidity. One-fifth of the 108 BCA treatments screened, reduced late blight by 25–60%, including among other strains Pseudomonas fluorescens S22:T:04 (showing most consistency), P22:Y:05, S11:P:12 and Enterobacter cloacae S11:T:07. Small-scale pilot testing of these four strains, alone and in combination, was conducted under conditions simulating a commercial application. Suspensions of 4×104 P. infestans sporangia/mL were sprayed at a rate of 1.6 mL followed by 0.8 mL of bacteria treatment at ∼5×109 CFU/mL per each of 90 unwounded potatoes. Three replicate boxes per treatment (30 tubers per box) were randomized in storage and maintained 4 weeks at 7.2°C, 95% relative humidity. All BCA treatments significantly reduced disease; and unwashed bacteria outperformed those washed free of culture broth. Disease suppression ranged from 35% up to 86% the first test year and from 35 to 91% the second year. Highest overall performance rankings significantly above the control were achieved by the following strains in culture broth: four-strain mix > P. fluorescens S22:T:04> P. fluorescens S11:P:12. Combined with previous demonstrations of dry rot and sprout suppression, the consistent late blight control by these strains and strain mixtures suggests the commercial feasibility of a single treatment for broad spectrum suppression of post-harvest potato diseases and sprouting.
Disclaimer: The mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture.
Disclaimer: The mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture.
Acknowledgements
We thank Ms Maureen Shea-Wilbur and Ms Jennifer Sloan for their excellent assistance in the laboratory phases of these experiments.
Notes
Disclaimer: The mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture.