Ingestion of spinosad bait GF-120 and resulting impact on adult Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Abstract

The spinosad bait spray GF-120 Naturalyte F® (Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN, USA) is widely used in commercial olives in California. Because of concern about its non-target effects on beneficial insects, we studied its impact on feeding behavior, mortality, and reproductive parameters of adult green lacewings, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), under laboratory conditions. Male and female feeding rate and quantity, and subsequent mortality, were compared over a 5-day period following a 24-h exposure to honey, GF-120, or the bait component (without spinosad) in two-choice and no-choice assays. All treatments were ingested equally when offered alone. Spinosad did not impart repellency or preference to GF-120 relative to the bait. Honey was preferred in choice tests with GF-120 or bait. Significant mortality occurred when GF-120 was offered alone, but was not significant when it was offered in choice with honey or bait. In a separate assay of female longevity and reproduction, mortality rate as a function of time was similar in all treatments, except for some significantly earlier mortality due to GF-120 compared with honey. GF-120 ingestion significantly reduced fecundity compared with bait during the first week after treatment. Egg hatch was not significantly affected. The preference of adult C. carnea for food should ameliorate the potential negative effect of GF-120 on adult C. carnea mortality in the field. The laboratory study finds that GF-120 is a potentially safer choice for C. carnea than an aqueous suspension of spinosad, and provides no new evidence for definitive risk to field populations.

Keywords:

• Non-target effects
• olive fly
• repellency
• green lacewing
• Chrysoperla carnea

Acknowledgements

We thank two anonymous reviewers for greatly improving the manuscript. The research was supported in part by grants from the California Department of Food and Agriculture to MWJ and KMD and to MWJ from the California Olive Committee.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Hannah Nadel*

*Present address: UC Kearney Agricultural Center, 9240 S. Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648, USA. Tel: [phone]. Fax: [phone]. E-mail: [email protected]