Control efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis and a new granulovirus isolate against Cydia pomonella in orchards

Abstract

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is one of the most serious pests of apple and pear worldwide. This study evaluates the efficacies of a granulovirus, a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strain and their combination in the control of C. pomonella in China. A Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) was isolated from C. pomonella cadavers in an orchard in Gansu, China. Droplet-feeding bioassays showed the median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of this CpGV isolate (CpGV-C1) against the third instar C. pomonella larvae was 770 OBs µl⁻¹. The LC₅₀ values of Bt C-33 and kurstaki HD-1 against the third instar larvae were 26.3 µg ml⁻¹ and 15.7 µg ml⁻¹, respectively. Field tests indicated the control efficacies of CpGV-C1 and the combination of CpGV-C1 and Bt against C. pomonella larvae in apple orchards were similar to that of beta-cypermethrin. Our data demonstrated that the combination of CpGV and Bt might effectively protect apple fruits from the damage of C. pomonella larvae and had the potential to be developed as a low-cost, highly effective insecticide.

Keywords:

• Cydia pomonella
• Cydia pomonella granulovirus
• Bacillus thuringiensis
• microbial insecticide
• control efficacy

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the support received from the 863 project (2011AA10A204), a Knowledge Innovation Program (KSCX2-EW-G-16) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30170085).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Xiangyang Liu

Present address: Xiangyang Liu, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China