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ABSTRACT
Idris Déby’s counterinsurgency in the Lake Chad Basin (LCB) and the Sahel crafted imaginaries of Déby as a bulwark against terrorism in the region. Existing scholarship argues that Deby's death has accentuated insecurity in the region. The study adopts critical analysis and is anchored in the theory of security regionalism; it argues that the politics of Déby as a regional strongman constricted democratic spaces, invited violent opposition, and sustained rebellion in parts of the region. Although Déby provided occasional pushback when the terrorists inflicted harm on Chadian interests, he would not have won the war against terror unilaterally without regional cooperation.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Notes
1. African Union, ‘Chad: Idriss Déby Dies,’ 2.
2. Orosz, ‘Price of stability’; Devermont, ‘Déby’s Dead.’
3. See note 1 above.
4. De Bruijn and Both, ‘Youth: Contesting Legitimacy’; Tubiana and Dabos, ‘Déby’s Chad: Political Manipulation’; Happi, ‘Chad Conflict Insight’; Welz, ‘Omnibalancing and International Interventions.’
5. Shorey & Nickels, ‘Chad: A Precarious Partner.’
6. Welz, ‘Omnibalancing and International Interventions.’
7. Orosz, ‘Price of stability’
8. De Bruijn and Both, ‘Youth: Contesting Legitimacy’
9. Griffin, ‘Operation Barkhane: French Counterterrorism.’
10. Happi, Chad Conflict Insight.
11. Griffin, ‘Operation Barkhane: French Counterterrorism’; Shepherd & Melly, ‘Stability and vulnerability’; Monerieff, Lesueur and Gazzini, ‘Chad: After Idriss Déby’; Orosz, ‘Price of stability.’
12. Tubiana, Chad-Sudan Proxy War; Shorey and Nickels, ‘Chad: A Precarious Partner’; De Bruijn and Both, ‘Youth: Contesting Legitimacy’; Tubiana and Debos, Déby’s Chad: Political Manipulation; Eizenga, ‘The Unstable Foundations’; Marc, ‘Death of Chadian President’; Happi, Chad Conflict Insight, Welz ‘Omnibalancing and International Interventions.’
13. Devermont, ‘Déby’s Dead’; Orosz, ‘Price of stability.’
14. Welz ‘Omnibalancing and International Interventions.’
15. ibid
16. Shorey and Nickels, ‘Chad: A Precarious Partner’; Eizenga, ‘The Unstable Foundations.’
17. Baldaro, ‘Rashomon in the Sahel,’ 4.
18. See note 11 above.
19. Tubiana, Chad-Sudan Proxy War; Shorey and Nickels, ‘Chad: A Precarious Partner’; De Bruijn and Both, ‘Youth: Contesting Legitimacy’; Tubiana and Debos, Déby’s Chad: Political Manipulation; Eizenga, ‘The Unstable Foundations’; Marc, ‘Death of Chadian President’; Happi, Chad Conflict Insight, Welz ‘Omnibalancing and International Interventions.’
20. Monerieff, Lesueur and Gazzini, ‘Chad: After Idriss Déby’
21. Ibid., 3
22. See note 13 above.
23. Blanchard et al., ‘Chad: President Déby’s Death.’
24. Orosz, ‘Price of stability.’
25. See note 20 above.
26. See note 23 above.
27. Shorey and Nickels, ‘Chad: A Precarious Partner,’ 10.
28. Eizenga, ‘The Unstable Foundations.’
29. See note 10 above.
30. De Bruijn and Both, ‘Youth: Contesting Legitimacy,’ 786.
31. Ibid., 786.
32. Ibid., 788.
33. Tubiana and Debos, ‘Déby’s Chad: Political Manipulation.’
34. Ibid.
35. Marc, ‘Death of Chadian President’
36. See note 14 above.
37. Döring & Herpolsheimer, ‘The Spaces of Intervention’; Baldaro, ‘Rashomon in the Sahel.’
38. Baldaro, ‘Rashomon in the Sahel.’
39. Charbonneau, ‘Whose “West Africa”?’; Döring & Herpolsheimer, ‘The Spaces of Intervention.’
40. See note 38 above.
41. Ibid.
42. Marchal, ‘An emerging military power.’
43. Tubiana and Debos, Déby’s Chad: Political Manipulation.
44. Ibid.
45. See note 28 above.
46. See note 42 above.
47. See note 43 above.
48. Ibid.
49. Huntington. The Third Wave.
50. De Bruijn and Both, ‘Youth: Contesting Legitimacy.’
51. See note 10 above.
52. Amnesty International, ‘Crackdown on Fundamental Freedom.’
53. See note 42 above.
54. African Union, ‘Chad: Idriss Déby Dies.’
55. See note 23 above.
56. DeVore, ‘Preserving Power after Empire.’
57. Tubiana and Debos, Déby’s Chad: Political Manipulation, 6.
58. Ibid., 6.
59. Ibid.
60. Ibid.
61. Tubiana, Chad-Sudan Proxy War.
62. Tubiana, Chad-Sudan Proxy War; European Union’s European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP), EU Military Operation.
63. Weyns et al., Mapping Conflict Motives.
64. Tubiana, Chad-Sudan Proxy War, 18.
65. See note 38 above.
66. See note 10 above.
67. See note 61 above.
68. Ibid.
69. See note 10 above.
70. See note 54 above.
71. See note 56 above.
72. See note 61 above.
73. See note 63 above.
74. Ibid.
75. Ibid.
76. See note 38 above.
77. Ibid.
78. Ibid.
79. See note 10 above.
80. Ibid.
81. Ibid.
82. See note 23 above.
83. Ibid.
84. Tubiana and Gramizzi, Tubu Trouble.
85. See note 56 above.
86. See note 43 above.
87. Shorey and Nickels, ‘Chad: A Precarious Partner.’
88. See note 8 above.
89. Tubiana and Debos, Déby’s Chad: Political Manipulation; Orosz, ‘Price of stability.’
90. See note 24 above.
91. See note 9 above.
92. Ibid.
93. European Union’s European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP), EU Military Operation.
94. See note 87 above.
95. See note 9 above.
96. See note 38 above.
97. See note 56 above.
98. Okoli, ‘United States Counterterrorism Strategies’
99. See note 56 above.
100. See note 54 above.
101. Devermont, ‘Déby’s Dead’; Monerieff, Lesueur and Gazzini, ‘Chad: After Idriss Déby’; Orosz, ‘Price of stability.’
102. See note 23 above.
103. Dizolele and Strouboulis, ‘Keeping Chad’s Transition.’
104. Scheele, ‘Chad After Idriss Déby.’
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Chukwuma Rowland Okoli
Chukwuma Rowland Okoli is a Lecturer of Political Science at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. He obtained a PhD in political science (with a specialisation in political economy) from the University of Nigeria (UNN), an MSc from UNN, and a BSc from the University of Abuja. His research interests include but are not limited to civil society, conflicts and social movements in Africa. He also serves as a research consultant, providing technical assistance to organisations implementing projects in conflict-affected areas across Nigeria. He has published articles in reputable journals and presented papers at respected conferences.
Bernard U. Nwosu
Bernard U. Nwosu, otherwise known as Ben, holds a PhD in political science from Waikato, New Zealand. He is a Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Development Studies of the University of Nigeria and a Senior Lecturer in Political Science. His research focuses on democratisation, civil society, conflict and public policy. His most recent book, Civil Society and Democracy in Nigeria: A Theoretical Approach, was published in July 2021 by Routledge.
Francis N. Okpaleke
Francis N. Okpaleke holds a PhD in international relations and security studies from the University of Waikato. He is currently the External Engagement Manager at an international not-for-profit based in Auckland, where he leads the policy, advocacy and regulatory efforts that bring better outcomes for people experiencing unmanageable debt and poverty. His research interests include drones, liberal security studies, climate policy and security, and environmental politics. His work has been featured in the Journal of Strategic Security, Sustainability, Energy Research and Social Science, Environmental Policy and Governance and other outlets. His latest book project (with Palgrave Macmillan) is entitled Drones and US Grand Strategy in Global Politics (2022).
Ezenwa E. Olumba
Ezenwa E. Olumba is a scholar who researches and writes about how violence and culture influence people's emotions, (im)mobility aspirations, migrant inclusion and collective behavior. He is nearing the end of his PhD studies at the Royal Holloway, University of London. His research articles have appeared in Culture & Psychology, Third World Quarterly and Terrorism & Political Violence. His seminal work on cognitive immobility, published by Culture & Psychology, is a cutting-edge knowledge contribution to the disciplines of psychology, migration, and social policy.