Mercury uptake by biogenic silica modified with L‐cysteine

Abstract

Contaminated sediments provide the main source of mercury for methylation by bacteria in lakes and waterways. In situ capping has been used to remediate these sediments, but traditional reactive materials have very low affinity for Hg(II). This study investigated the mercury uptake by biogenic silica modified with L‐cysteine, as a potential material to be used for in situ remediation technologies. The adsorbent was obtained from rice hull ash by extraction as sodium silicate and acid hydrolysis through the sol–gel process; it was then modified with L‐cysteine by impregnation from aqueous solution. The unmodified and modified biogenic silica showed structural and chemical properties suitable for mercury sorption from aqueous medium. The cysteine affected the structural properties of the unmodified silica, decreasing the specific surface area and pore volume by eightfold. On the other hand, cysteine increased the silica adsorption capacity, resulting in mercury uptake similar to that of the unmodified silica. The Hg(II) specific adsorption by unmodified and modified silica was 0.20 mmol/g and 0.19 mmol/g SiO₂, respectively, from an aqueous solution of 1 mmol/L Hg(II). The pH range of 3–7did not have an effect on Hg(II) adsorption. However, the presence of chlorine, added as HgCl₂, seems to have limited the mercury adsorption, especially at high concentrations of Hg(II). The mercury adsorbed on the silica surface could not be recovered using HCl even from concentrated solutions.

Keywords:

• biogenic modified silica
• rice hull ash
• L‐cysteine
• mercury
• in situ capping

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Education of Brazil, PNPD/CAPES/CNPq Project 2016/2008. We are grateful for the award of a Marathon Petroleum Post Doctoral Fellowship to Marcia Chaves from the LSU College of Engineering.