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Abstract
A two‐stage (I and II) lab‐scale treatment system has been studied for arsenic removal from water using Fe(II) and lignosulphonates with aeration. In stage I, using an Fe/As mole ratio of 1.5–2.5 at a pH of around 6.5–7.5, the dissolved arsenic can be reduced with Fe(II) oxidation‐precipitation from an initial 72 mg L−1 to <2 mg L−1. The generated sludge is entirely recycled to the second tank of stage II. In the first tank of stage II, the water is further treated with the same amount of Fe(II) as that used in stage I, in the presence of lignosulphonates and aeration. The air‐oxidization of Fe(II) to Fe(III) is continued for about 30 minutes at a pH of around 7.0–8.0. The water output from the first tank is transferred to the second tank in which mixing under aeration occurs with the sludge recycled from stage I. Accordingly, the dissolved arsenic in the effluent is reduced to <0.1 mg L−1. The results show that this two‐stage process can save more than 50 % of total chemical costs, and reduce the amount of sludge by more than 50%, in comparison with the conventional Fe(III)/lime‐treatment process. According to US EPA regulations, the final Fe‐As sludge is classified as non‐hazardous materials by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure. But, the study shows that the instability of Fe‐As sludge could be influenced by some factors, such as higher pH levels, a longer water‐leaching time and larger water‐leaching volume, leading to the liberation of more dissolvable As species. After being treated with Ligmet™ stabilizer, the Fe‐As sludge showed an improved stability under varying pH conditions and large amounts of water leaching. The treated Fe‐As sludge is suitable for landfill disposal.