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Environmental Technology Volume 31, 2010 - Issue 11
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Original Articles

In situ surface modification of molybdenum‐doped organic–inorganic hybrid TiO2 nanoparticles under hydrothermal conditions and treatment of pharmaceutical effluent

B. Shahmoradi University of Mysore, Environmental Science Department, Karnataka 570009, India; School of Public Health, Faculty of Environmental Health Enginnering, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, IranCorrespondence[email protected]
,
I.A. Ibrahim Central Metallurgical R&D Institute, Hellwan, Egypt
,
N. Sakamoto Shizuoka University, 3‐5‐1 Johoku, Naka‐ku, Hamamatsu‐shi, Japan
,
S. Ananda Chemistry Department, University of Mysore, Manansagangotri, Karnataka 570009, India
,
T.N. Guru Row Indian Institute of Science, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Bangalore 560012, India
,
Kohei Soga Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Tokyo 278–8510, Japan
,
K. Byrappa University of Mysore, Geology Department, Karnataka 570009, India
,
S. Parsons Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
&
Yoshihisa Shimizu Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, 1–2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520–0811, Japan
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Pages 1213-1220 | Received 29 Sep 2009, Accepted 28 Dec 2009, Published online: 26 Aug 2010
 
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Abstract

Molybdenum‐doped TiO2 organic–inorganic hybrid nanoparticles were synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions by in situ surface modification using n‐butylamine. This was carried out at 150°C at autogeneous pressure over 18 h. n‐Butylamine was selected as a surfactant since it produced nanoparticles of the desired size and shape. The products were characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, dynamic light‐scattering spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Chemical oxygen demand was estimated in order to determine the photodegradation efficiency of the molybdenum‐doped TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles in the treatment of pharmaceutical effluents. It was found that molybdenum‐doped TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles showed higher photocatalytic efficiency than untreated TiO2 nanoparticles.

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