Acute effects of expiratory positive airway pressure on exercise tolerance in patients with COPD

ABSTRACT

Objective

To evaluate the acute effects of expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) on exercise tolerance, dyspnea, leg discomfort, and breathing pattern in patients with COPD.

Methods

Fifteen patients with COPD were assessed with the following three different protocols: EPAP of 7.5 cmH₂O used during a constant cycle ergometer exercise test (Protocol-1); EPAP of 7.5 cmH₂O used for 15 minutes before the test (Protocol-2); and a sham system without pressure used for 15 minutes before the test (Protocol-3). Dyspnea and leg discomfort were assessed using Borg scale, whereas breathing pattern by optoelectronic plethysmography. Statistical analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations and Bonferroni tests (α = 5%), considering the protocols (1, 2, and 3) and moment (resting and the end of exercise).

Results

Exercise tolerance was lower in protocol 1: 108 ± 45 seconds compared to protocols 2: 187 ± 99 seconds (p= .011) and 3: 183 ± 101 seconds (p= .021). No difference was observed between protocols 2 and 3 (p> .999). Dyspnea in protocol 1: 7.0 ± 2.08 was higher than protocols 2: 4.10 ± 2.45 (p= .001) and 3: 3.90 ± 2.21 (p< .001), but no differences were observed between protocols 2 and 3 (p> .999). No significant difference was observed for leg discomfort among the protocols (p= .137). There were no statistically significant differences for most variables of breathing pattern among the protocols.

Conclusion

A reduction on exercise tolerance and an increase in dyspnea were found with EPAP of 7.5 cm H₂O during a constant cycle ergometer exercise test in patients with COPD.

KEYWORDS:

• COPD
• positive-pressure respiration
• exercise tolerance
• physiotherapy
• dyspnea

Acknowledgments

This work was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES (Grants 88881.068409/2014-1 and Finance Code 001), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq (Grant 309990/2017-3) and FAPEMIG; from Brazil.

Disclosure statement

No conflicts of interest are declared by the author (s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível superior (CAPES [88881.068409/2014-1, Finance Code 001]; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) [309990/2017-3]; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais.