Cardiopulmonary responses during unsupported upper limb exercise tests and limitations in activities of daily living in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Cardiopulmonary responses during unsupported upper limb function assessment may vary in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Objective

To compare the cardiopulmonary responses during the function assessment with the Six-Minute Pegboard and Ring Test (6PBRT) and the incremental Unsupported Upper Limb Exercise (UULEX) test in COPD and to investigate the correlations with muscle strength and the limitations on activity of daily living (ADLs).

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study. Cardiopulmonary variables were recorded during tests using a breath-by-breath analyzer. Muscle strength was assessed using a hand-held dynamometer. Self-reported ADL was evaluated using the modified Pulmonary Functional Status and Dyspnea Questionnaire (PFSDQ-M). Paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and Spearman correlation coefficients were used.

Results

Fifteen individuals with moderate-to-severe COPD participated (66 ± 9 years old, forced expiratory volume in the first second [FEV₁]: 48%±14% of predicted). The UULEX induced higher oxygen consumption (0.54 ± 0.20 vs. 0.44 ± 0.09 L/min, p = .01) and dyspnea (4.0 [2.6 to 6.9] vs. 0.5 [0.9 to 5.1], p < .01) than 6PBRT. The performance in both tests was correlated with self-reported ADL limitations on PFSDQ-M (6PBRT: r = −0.69, p < .01; UULEX: r = −0.62, p = .01).

Conclusion

The UULEX promoted greater cardiopulmonary responses than 6PBRT, and performance in 6PBRT and UULEX was correlated with ADL limitations in individuals with COPD.

KEYWORDS:

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• upper limb
• exercise testing
• activities of daily living

Acknowledgments

The authors greatly appreciate the participant’s availability during the study. This work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) under Grant APQ-03337; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) under Grant 001; and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) under Grant 165891/2020-3.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the CAPES [001]; CNPQ [165891/2020-3]; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais [APQ-03337].