Relationships between mild PM10 and ozone urban air levels and spontaneous abortion: clues for primary prevention

Abstract

The effects of environmental pollution on spontaneous abortion (SAB) are still unclear. Records of SAB were collected from five cities (514,996 residents) and correlated with PM10, NO₂ and ozone levels. Median pollutant concentrations were below legal limits. Monthly SABs positively correlated with PM10 and ozone levels but not with NO₂ levels. The mean monthly SAB rate increase was estimated equal to 19.7 and 33.6 % per 10 μg/m³ increase in PM10 or ozone concentration, respectively. Higher values of PM10 and SABs were evident in cities with- than in those without pollutant industries, with a number of SABs twofolds higher in the former group. In conclusion, SAB occurrence is affected by PM10 (particularly if industrial areas are present) and ozone concentrations, also at levels below the legal limits. Thus, SAB might be considered, at least in part, a preventable condition.

Keywords:

• spontaneous abortion
• PM10
• ozone
• nitrogen dioxide
• pollution