Loaded paraquaton polymeric nanocapsules and evaluation for cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats

ABSTRACT

Present work was conducted to prepare and evaluate, loaded paraquat nano-hydrogels using chitosan, sodium polytriphosphate, and xanthan via ionic gelification method. The fabricated L-PQ formulations were analyzed for surface morphology and functional groups using SEM and FTIR, respectively. The stability of the synthesized nanoparticle was, also, analyzed in terms of diameter size, zeta potential, dispersion index, and pH. Furthermore, the cardiotoxicity effects of the synthesized nanogels were investigated on Wistar rats in terms of enzymatic activity, echocardiographic, and histological analysis. The proper stability of the prepared formulation was also confirmed by diameter size, zeta potential, dispersion index, and pH. The efficiency of encapsulation was about 90±3.2% and the release of PQ in the loaded nanogel was about 90±2.3%. A decrease in ST (shortening time) segment by formulated PQ, either in peritoneal or gavage exposure pathway, indicates the effectiveness of the capsule layer against the penetration of toxin into the body.

KEYWORDS:

• Paraquat
• Cardiotoxicity
• Herbicide
• Nanoparticle
• Chitosan

Acknowledgements

This paper is a part of a project (project no: A-10-1412-4) financially supported by the vice-chancellor of research Lorestan university of medical sciences (LUMS) therefore authors gratefully thank LUMS. The authors also thanks all persons to help us in carrying out this study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.