Technomass and cooling demand in South America: a superlinear relationship?

ABSTRACT

The impact of the increasing technomass (TM) on cooling demand in buildings is explored for cities in South America. The entangled double nature of the building–environment interrelation in an urban context is analyzed. The research question is whether an increase in the building density produces a superlinear increase of energy consumption at the urban scale. Advanced spatially explicit quantitative methods are used to select representative samples of the urban environment and to quantify the volumes of TM in four South American cities. Principal component analysis is used to extract representative urban tissue categories. The Urban Weather Generator tool is used to produce the urban weather data used in building performance simulations. The results confirm the superlinear dependence of the total cooling consumption of each sample in relation to the existing TM in areas with high-rise buildings due to the combined primary and secondary effects, namely, the increase of the total energy needs and the increase of air temperature due to the urban heat island effect. The great significance of the second-order effect poses challenges to current assessments performed on the basis of consumption per m². The use of the TM indicator can promote the development of climate-sensible urban planning.

KEYWORDS:

• building performance simulation
• cooling loads
• density
• energy demand
• microclimates
• technomass: urban climate
• urban design
• urban fabric
• urban form
• urban heat island

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the anonymous reviewers and editors for their comments which contributed to the improvement of the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

ORCID

Massimo Palme http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-2926

Luis Inostroza http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6303-4529

Agnese Salvati http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1449-1299

Additional information

Funding

The authors thank the Universidad Católica del Norte Vice-Rectory of Research and Technological Development for funding the research visits of Dr Inostroza and Dr Salvati. Fondecyt project number 11160643 supported the revision of the manuscript.