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Notes
Following Robert Putnam (Citation1993), “social capital” is understood to refer to the ‘connections, social networks, and norms of reciprocity, and trust existing among individuals and communities’.
Amendments to the MP Panchayat Raj Act in 2001 require a gram sabha quorum of at least one‐fifth of eligible voters, one‐third of whom must be women, scheduled caste, or scheduled tribe members.
User groups are informal associations of people who come together around a common economic need, such as implementation of a public or collective facility, delivery of a private or public service, management of common or, public natural resources, or execution of a government‐ or ‘donor‐funded local project’. The MP government has been pursuing a policy of expanding the participation of the ‘have not’ individuals (poor scheduled caste and tribal people) in user groups to ensure that they acquire the asset basis of a sustainable livelihood. For more information on user groups and their relationship to decentralisation, see www.livelihoodoptions.info/papers