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Articles

Cultivating “success” and “failure” in policy: participatory irrigation management in Nepal

Pages 155-173 | Received 18 Jul 2012, Accepted 26 Jun 2013, Published online: 30 May 2014
 

Abstract

Introduced over a decade ago and considered largely successful by irrigation professionals, Irrigation Management Transfer and Participatory Irrigation Management (IMT/PIM) policies were recently reviewed and seen to have resulted in more cases of “failure” than “success”. Primary research on two IMT/PIM projects in Nepal, which were among the few “successes” in the assessment supporting a “failed” PIM, shows how such policy-driven evaluations, when defining success, overlook incongruities between policies, institutions, and the evolving dynamics around class, caste, ethnicity, and gender. Without exploring the dynamics of practice, the process of “cultivating” success and/or failure in evaluations provides little insight on how irrigation management works on the ground.

Introduites il y a plus de dix ans et considérées par les professionnels de l'irrigation comme ayant donné de bons résultats, les politiques de Transfert de la gestion de l'irrigation et de Gestion participative de l'irrigation (TGI/GPI) ont récemment fait l'objet d'un examen et jugées avoir abouti a plus de cas d’« échecs » que de « succès ». Des recherches primaires menées sur deux projets de TGI/GPI au Népal, qui figuraient parmi les quelques « succès » de l’évaluation qui soutenaient une GPI « échouée », montrent comment ces évaluations impulsées par les politiques, au moment de définir le succès, ignorent les incohérences entre les politiques et les institutions, ainsi que la dynamique en mutation autour de la classe, de la caste, de l'ethnie et du genre. À moins d'explorer la dynamique de la pratique, le processus consistant à « cultiver » le succès et/ou l’échec dans les évaluations ne donne que peu d'aperçus de la manière dont la gestion de l'irrigation fonctionne sur le terrain.

Tras su inauguración hace más de diez años, la Transferencia del Manejo de la Irrigación y el Manejo Participativo de la Irrigación (tmi/mpi) fueron calificados como exitosos por los profesionales del riego. Sin embargo, una revisión de las políticas que orientan estos proyectos realizada en fechas recientes mostró que existen más casos de «fracaso» que de «éxito». Ello llevó a que en Nepal se investigaran dos proyectos TMI/ MPI, que en un informe sobre el “fracaso” del MPI habían sido reportados anteriormente como algunos de los pocos casos de “éxito”. Dichas investigaciones permitieron determinar que, a la hora de definir el éxito, las evaluaciones basadas en las políticas mencionadas, pasan por alto las incongruencias existentes entre dichas políticas, las instituciones y las cambiantes dinámicas en torno a clase, a casta, a etnicidad y a género. En este sentido, si no se examinan las dinámicas relacionadas a la práctica, el proceso de « cultivar » el éxito y/o el fracaso en las evaluaciones explica muy poco acerca de cómo funciona la gestión de la irrigación sobre el terreno.

Notes on contributors

Manpriet Singh studied irrigation and water management at the Wageningen University. She is a PhD student of the AgriSystem School at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Piacenza, Italy.

Janwillem Liebrand is affiliated with the Water Resources Management Group, Wageningen University, the Netherlands. He has researched irrigation and water management in India, the Philippines, and South Africa. Currently, he is a PhD candidate doing research on the linkages between engineers, masculinities, and power in irrigation governance in Nepal.

Deepa Joshi is Assistant Professor at the Water Resources Management Group, Wageningen University. She is interested in the political representations of water conflicts and the gendered impacts of mega-water transitions on poverty and livelihoods security. She has worked in South and South East Asia, Africa, and Latin America – managing programmes, conducting policy research, and leading local research capacity building.

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