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Articles

Tug of war: street trading and city governance in Kumasi, Ghana

Pages 906-919 | Received 25 Jun 2015, Accepted 16 Mar 2016, Published online: 03 Oct 2016
 

ABSTRACT

Kumasi, Ghana, has witnessed accelerated population growth in the past two decades, leading to a significant increase in joblessness following years of economic decline and labour market liberalisation. As a survival strategy, residents have resorted to street trading, making it an important source of livelihood. However, its associated implications for urban governance and management has placed city authorities in the spotlight over the years. Examining the daily struggles that occur between city managers and street traders, this article finds that various strategies adopted by city authorities to decongest the streets have proved futile. Rethinking what could be a sustainable strategy for decongesting the streets of traders, the article concludes that chasing the traders out of the streets is not the panacea to solving the problem unless well coordinated land-use planning and appropriate regulations are competently enforced.

Kumasi, au Ghana, a connu une croissance démographique accélérée durant les vingt dernières années, ce qui a entraîné une augmentation considérable du chômage après des années de déclin économique et de libéralisation du marché du travail. Comme stratégie de survie, les résidents ont eu recours au commerce de rue, lequel est ainsi devenu un important moyen de subsistance. Cependant, ses implications associées sur le plan de la gouvernance et de la gestion urbaines ont braqué le projecteur sur les autorités de la ville au fil des ans. Cet article examine les luttes quotidiennes qui ont lieu entre les responsables de la gestion des villes et les commerçants de rue et il constate que les diverses stratégies adoptées par les autorités des villes pour décongestionner les rues se sont révélées futiles. Dans le cadre d’une nouvelle réflexion sur ce qui pourrait constituer une stratégie durable pour qu’il y ait mouns de commerçants dans les rues, cet article conclut en disant que le fait de chasser les commerçants des rues n’est pas la panacée pour résoudre le problème à moins qu’une planification bien coordonnée de l’utilisation des terres et des réglementations appropriées ne soient mises en œuvre de manière compétente.

En las últimas dos décadas se ha registrado un acelerado aumento de la población de Kumasi, Ghana, lo que dio pie a que se produjera un importante repunte del desempleo tras años de deterioro económico y liberalización del mercado laboral. Debido a ello, y como estrategia de supervivencia, los residentes han recurrido al comercio callejero, convirtiéndolo en una importante fuente de subsistencia. Sin embargo, con el paso del tiempo las consecuencias que las implicaciones asociadas con esta estrategia han tenido para la gobernanza y la administración urbanas han puesto el foco de atención en las autoridades municipales. A partir de la investigación sobre las luchas diarias que se producen entre los administradores de la ciudad y los vendedores callejeros, el presente artículo constata que las distintas estrategias impulsadas por las autoridades urbanas para descongestionar las calles han sido en vano. Reconsiderando posibles estrategias sostenibles para despejar las vías, el artículo concluye que perseguir a los vendedores por las calles no sirve para resolver el problema si antes no se hacen cumplir adecuadamente los planes coordinados para el uso del suelo y las regulaciones pertinentes.

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Professor Martin Oteng-Ababio of the University of Ghana, and the executives of the traders’ associations who were generous in providing information and making time to respond to questions. We also wish to acknowledge the enormous efforts put in by the three anonymous reviewers.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes on contributors

Ebenezer Owusu-Sekyere is a Lecturer at the Department of Development Studies of the University for Development Studies − Wa Campus, Ghana. He holds a PhD in Geography, and his specific research interests include urban and regional development, urban environmental management, and urban disaster risk reduction.

Samuel Twumasi Amoah is a Lecturer at the Department of Environment and Resource Studies of the University for Development Studies − Wa Campus, Ghana. He holds MSc. in Human Geography (Urban and Regional Development), and his specific research interests include urban and regional development, and urban environmental management.

Frank Teng-Zeng is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of Social, Political & Historical Studies, University for Development Studies (UDS), Ghana. He holds a PhD in Political Science, and his specific research interests include science, technology, and innovation policy studies.

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