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Articles

Roles and contributions of community seed banks in climate adaptation in Nepal

Pages 292-302 | Received 11 May 2017, Accepted 27 Nov 2017, Published online: 20 Feb 2018
 

ABSTRACT

Community seed banks are an effective local institution to conserve quality seeds, to strengthen farmers’ accessibility to social seed networks, and improve agrobiodiversity and food security. This article analyses the prospects and challenges of community seed banks in climate change contexts. It finds that community seed banks serve as sources of climate-resilient seeds to withstand in local climates and improve community resilience. Community seed banks provide landraces for participatory crop improvement to develop resistant varieties to improve quality and productivity. They also strengthen participatory seed exchange to cope with climate adversity. However, there are challenges with defining specific and common goals, functions, approaches, and governance.

Les banques de semences communautaires sont des institutions locales efficaces dans la conservation des semences de qualité, le renforcement de l'accessibilité des agriculteurs à des réseaux sociaux autour de ces semences et l'amélioration de l'agrobiodiversité et de la sécurité alimentaire. Cet article analyse les perspectives et les difficultés des banques de semences communautaires dans le contexte du changement climatique. Il révèle que les banques de semences communautaires servent de sources d'approvisionnement de semences résistantes au climat pour supporter les climats locaux et améliorer la résistance des communautés. Les banques de semences communautaires fournissent des espèces primitives afin que l'amélioration de la récolte participative entraîne la production de variétés résistantes pouvant renforcer la qualité et la productivité. Elles renforcent aussi l'échange participatif de semences dont l'objectif est la possibilité de faire face à l'adversité climatique. Cependant, définir des objectifs, des fonctions, des approches et une gouvernance spécifiques et communs peut relever du défi.

Los bancos de semillas comunitarios constituyen instituciones locales efectivas; en este sentido, conservan semillas de calidad, facilitan el acceso de los campesinos a redes sociales de semillas, y mejoran la agrobiodiversidad y la seguridad alimentaria. El presente artículo analiza las perspectivas y los retos que deben afrontar los bancos de semillas comunitarios en contextos de cambio climático. Al respecto, se pudo determinar que dichos bancos sirven como fuentes de semillas resilientes a los cambios climáticos locales, lo que fortalece la resiliencia comunitaria. Además, proporcionan semillas criollas seleccionadas a programas participativos de mejoramiento de cultivos que producen variedades resistentes, optimizando su calidad y productividad. Asimismo, hacen posible el intercambio participativo de semillas para hacer frente a la adversidad del clima. A pesar de todo, la definición de metas específicas compartidas, funciones, enfoques y gestión, se presenta como un desafío.

Notes on contributors

Shree Kumar Maharjan is a graduate student in the Department of Educational Development and Cultural and Regional Studies at Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.

Keshav Lall Maharjan is a Professor in Educational Development and Regional Cultural Studies at Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1. The in-situ conservation project was jointly implemented by Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) and Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LIBIRD) in Nepal from September 1997 to December 2001 (first phase).

2. On-farm conservation is the process of conserving a plant and its wild relatives in the farm and place of origin.

3. Participatory plant breeding is the concept of farmers’ involvement in the selection of varieties, management of local crop populations, and seed supply systems through informal and formal seed networks (Gyawali et al. Citation2006a).

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