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ABSTRACT

This article documents wages and working conditions for landless female and male agricultural labourers in Morocco. We found that higher-paid, equipment-intensive tasks were predominantly assigned to men, whereas women often performed lower-paid, time-intensive tasks. Women were systematically paid less than men even when they performed the same tasks. Enforcing existing legislation in Morocco to ensure equal pay for women is an essential first step towards enabling women to benefit equitably with men from their agricultural labour contributions. A revalorisation of the importance of agriculture is also necessary so that agricultural labour is not perceived as an occupation of last resort.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the respondents in Saiss and researchers at INRA who have contributed to the survey. Hicham El Alaoui and Hala Khawam provided important contributions to the analysis of the data.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes on contributors

Dina Najjar is an Associate Social and Gender Scientist at the Sustainable Intensification and Resilient Production Systems Program (SIRPSP), the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Amman, Jordan, with research interests in adult education in participatory agricultural extension and women’s empowerment and equality in rural dry areas through property ownership, agricultural innovations (both technological and institutional), and decent work.

Bipasha Baruah is Professor and Canada Research Chair in Global Women’s Issues at the Department of Women’s Studies and Feminist Research, University of Western Ontario. She is interested in researching the social, economic, legal, cultural, political, and institutional factors that affect women property rights and in developing related analytical frameworks and methodologies. She also examines the opportunities and constraints for women’s participation in the green economy.

Aden Aw-Hassan is a Principal Agricultural Economist and Theme Leader for the Socio-economic Component at SIRPSP, ICARDA with research interests in impact assessment, rural livelihood development, market research, and institutional arrangements in the dry areas.

Abderahim Bentaibi is a Socio-economist at the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Meknes, Morocco, with research interests in women’s involvement in agricultural cooperatives and the agricultural wage sector, as well as livelihood development in mountain environments of Morocco.

Girma Tesfahun Kassie is a Senior Agricultural Market Economist at SIRPSP, ICARDA in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, with research interests in agricultural marketing and value chain analysis, applied choice analysis, efficiency of agricultural risk management, and the economic impact of research and development investments in the dry areas.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) through Research Programs Wheat under Grant 100230 and Dryland Systems under Grant 100228.

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