Coffee consumption and risk of pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis

Abstract

The association between coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer risk has been extensively studied; however, there is no consistent conclusion. Therefore, this meta-analysis study sought to evaluate dose–response relationship between them. A search was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Thirteen high-quality cohort studies were identified, involving in 959,992 study participants and 3831 pancreatic cancer cases. Comparing the highest with lowest categories of coffee intake, the pooled relative risk (RR) was 1.08 (95% CI 0.94–1.25). For dose–response analysis, no evidence of a nonlinear dose–response association between coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer (p for nonlinearity =0.171) was found. The risk of pancreatic cancer was increased by 5.87% (RR =1.06, 95% CI 1.05–1.07) with the increment of one cup/day. Coffee consumption was identified to be related with the increasing risk of pancreatic cancer in a dose–response manner. Nevertheless, further mechanistic studies are needed to clarify the concerned issues.

Keywords:

• Coffee
• pancreatic cancer
• risk
• dose–response
• meta-analysis

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Hua Ye and Professor Jian-Ying Zhang (Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University) for providing language help, writing assistance and financial support on this manuscript.

Disclosure statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by The Major Project of Science and Technology in Henan Province [No. 16110311400], Zhongyuan Scholars Program of Henan Province [No. 162101510006], Major projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology [No. 2018ZX10302205-004], the Program of Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province [No. 182300410009], Initial Funding of Young Teachers in Zhengzhou University [No. 1411329028], the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China [No. 81372371] and Henan research program of Foundation and advanced Technology [No. 162300410090].