Factors predicting the mental health of adolescents attending a faith-based Australian school system: a multi-group structural equation analysis

Abstract

Background: Adolescents attending Seventh-day Adventist schools (Adventist) in Australia tend to experience good health and exhibit better health behaviors than national norms, however few studies have investigated factors predicting their mental health.

Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the complex network of factors that predict the mental health status (MHS) of adolescents attending Adventist schools in Australia.

Methods: A survey instrument was used to collect data from 1527 secondary school students attending Adventist schools across Australia. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine concomitantly the direct and indirect effects of childhood experiences, present attitudes and selected health behaviors on MHS.

Results: Childhood family dynamics had the strongest association with MHS (β_total = 0.33) followed by a sense of meaning and purpose (β_total = 0.27), perceived social misfit status (β_total = –0.19), and school academic performance (β_total = 0.18). Multi-group analysis found significant pathway differences in the model for gender with regards to the association of meaning and purpose, physical activity and sleep quantity with MHS.

Conclusions: The outcomes of the study highlight the importance of early positive childhood family dynamics and the discovery of meaning and purpose during adolescence to promote positive mental health among adolescents.

Keywords:

• Adolescent mental health
• health behaviors
• misfit
• meaning and purpose
• school academic performance
• childhood family dynamics
• adverse childhood experiences

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

T.L.B and K.R.P received funding from the Seventh-day Adventist Church for the administration and data collection of survey. The funder had no involvement in: study design; data analysis, and interpretation of data; the writing of the paper; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. No honoraria were involved in study authorship.