Development and user validation of driving tasks for a power wheelchair simulator

Abstract

Mobility is important for participation in daily activities and a power wheelchair (PW) can improve quality of life of individuals with mobility impairments. A virtual reality simulator may be helpful in complementing PW skills training, which is generally seen as insufficient by both clinicians and PW users. To this end, specific, ecologically valid activities, such as entering an elevator and navigating through a shopping mall crowd, have been added to the McGill wheelchair (miWe) simulator through a user-centred approach.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to validate the choice of simulated activities in a group of newly trained PW users.

Methods: We recruited 17 new PW users, who practiced with the miWe simulator at home for two weeks. They then related their experience through the Short Feedback Questionnaire, the perceived Ease of Use Questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews.

Results: Participants in general greatly appreciated their experience with the simulator. During the interviews, this group made similar comments about the activities as our previous group of expert PW users had done. They also insisted on the importance of realism in the miWe activities, for their use in training.

Discussion: A PW simulator may be helpful if it supports the practice of activities in specific contexts (such as a bathroom or supermarket), to complement the basic skills training received in the clinic (such as driving forward, backward, turning, and avoiding obstacles).

Implications for Rehabilitation

• New power wheelchair users appreciate practicing on a virtual reality simulator and find the experience useful when the simulated diving activities are realistic and ecologically valid.

• User-centred development can lead to simulated power wheelchair activities that adequately capture everyday driving challenges experienced in various environmental contexts.

Keywords:

• Power wheelchair
• training
• simulator
• validation

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Paula Stone and Elise Busilacchi for conducting and transcribing the interviews, Dahlia Kairy for help in analysing the interview data, as well as Bob Quenneville and Alexandre Rodrigue for simulator development.

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Funding

This research was funded by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, 275323. The development of the miWe simulator was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada), 342305-2013. F Routhier is a Junior 1 Scholar funded by the Fonds de la recherche du Québec – Santé (FRQS).