Clinician perspectives on cross-education in stroke rehabilitation

Abstract

Purpose: Cross-education is a neural phenomenon where strength of an untrained muscle improves after unilateral training of the opposite homologous muscle. It has been extensively studied in healthy populations and shows promise for post-stroke rehabilitation. The purpose of this study is to understand current post-stroke upper extremity rehabilitation practice; clinician’s perspectives on cross-education and; facilitators and barriers to implementation of a cross-education intervention.

Materials and methods: This qualitative study used an interpretive description framework. Twenty-three occupational therapists and two physiotherapists who worked with individuals with stroke were interviewed. Digital audio files were transcribed and then line-by-line coding for units of information was conducted by two investigators. A third investigator, who was not present during the interviews, participated in category development.

Results and conclusions: Cross-education is paradoxical yet promising was the primary theme. This theme was elucidated by three descriptive categories: (1) therapists worked in a forced-use paradigm; (2) there was gap in current practice for those with more severe impairments in arm function; and (3) cross-education used as an adjunct could be useful within current practice for specific patients. Therapists suggested that educational materials for clinicians, patients, and patient families would be essential to the success of cross-education to explain training the less affected limb. This study provides important foundational information about clinician perspectives that will facilitate future translational research in this area.

Implications for rehabilitation

• Cross education, or training the stronger arm to increase strength in the weaker arm, is an intervention particularly appropriate for people with stroke who have severe impairments in arm strength.

• This intervention should not replace the forced use paradigm, but may be a useful adjunct in rehabilitation.

• Therapists perceived that education of patients, families, therapists, and doctors would be critical for cross education to be implemented successfully – as it is opposite the forced use paradigm that characterizes most of stroke rehabilitation.

Keywords:

• Stroke
• hemiplegia
• strength training
• knowledge translation

Acknowledgements

This study was funded by a thesis operating grant award from the Department of Physical Therapy at the University of Alberta.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This study was funded by a thesis operating grant award from the Department of Physical Therapy at the University of Alberta.