Validity, reliability and responsiveness to change of the French version of the drooling impact scale

Abstract

Background

work still needs to be done to measure the impact of sialorrhea on quality of life and define the efficacy of different therapies. The Drooling Impact Scale showed good validity and sensitivity to change, especially after botulinum toxin injection. The aim of this study is to present its French translation and to explore its validity, reliability and responsiveness to change in a group of children with Cerebral Palsy.

Methods

multicentre study at six rehabilitation centres in France. Children with Cerebral Palsy aged 4–18 years with sialorrhea problems were included (n = 55), either in a control group (n = 33) or in the intervention group (n = 22, with 3 drug treatment and 19 botulinum toxin injections). The French Drooling Impact Scale was administered twice, 1 month apart.

Results

The French Drooling Impact Scale total score at inclusion was meanly 53.9 (Standard Deviation 11.9) in the stable control group and 66.0 (16.1) in the intervention group (p = 0.0058). The validity of the scale was established, as well as an adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.71); correlations between each item and the total score were found between 0.5 and 0.71 except for item 5 (r = 0.38) and item 7 (0.41). The test-retest reliability in stable children was good (Lin coefficient = 0.83, bias correction factor = 0.92 and Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.89). There was a high responsiveness to change, mean change was –40.0 in the intervention group and –3.6 in the stable group (p < 0.0001), with Standard Error of Measurement =  2.6.

Conclusion

the French Drooling Impact Scale has shown sufficient clinometric properties to be used now by clinicians or researchers.

IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION

• The Drooling Impact scale has now its French version.

• The French version of the Drooling Impact Scale has shown its validity and a good test-retest reliability.

• The responsiveness to change was explored in a group of children undergoing saliva-control interventions and the scale was able to show a big change.

• The authors recommend to use this questionnaire in a semi-directed interview conducted by a health professional.

Keywords:

• Sialorrhea
• cerebral palsy
• children
• assessment
• drooling
• botulinum toxin

Acknowledgements

The authors want to thank warmly the children and their families for their willing participation, especially the children from Odyneo and all their speech therapists (Centre d’Education Motrice de Dommartin and Henry Gormand). A special thank also to Dr Véronique Lavarenne for her help in including children and her reading of the proof of this article. The authors acknowledge also the support of the Association de Recherche Médicale du Centre des Massues Croix rouge française for the preparation of the article.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).