Impressions of aquatic therapy treatment in children with prolonged mechanical ventilation – clinician and family perspectives: a qualitative case study

Abstract

Purpose

To describe the experiences of applying aquatic therapy (AT) to children with ventilation needs after discharge from the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Material and Methods

A qualitative and descriptive case study with integrated units. Purposive sampling was carried out, including the parents of the children participating in the AT programme and the healthcare professionals treating them. Fourteen participants were included: four parents, five physicians, three physiotherapists and two nurses. The study was carried out as part of a program on AT in critically ill children. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. A thematic analysis was performed.

Results

Three themes were identified. Theme (1) Difficulties for implementation: AT was not perceived as a viable therapeutic modality; lack of knowledge and resources. Theme (2) Risks and challenges: Perceptions of anxiety at the beginning; planning and precautions. Theme (3) AT facilitates new possibilities and benefits: The necessity of the presence of parents during the AT session; a sense of “normalcy;” outcomes of AT in relation to post-intensive care syndrome.

Conclusions

Our results will help to better understand a safe and feasible way to work with children with PPMV, even though this approach is not yet widespread due to its special circumstances. These results can be used in future AT programmes in children undergoing special treatments.

IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION

• Children with ventilation needs after discharge from the intensive care unit present physical, cognitive, and mental alterations that decrease functional capacity and quality of life.

• In a relatively small sample, positive outcomes were found for AT in relation to post-intensive care syndrome, enabling children to participate in aquatic therapy activities with the involvement of parents.

• This study highlighted the positive impact on the quality of life of both children and their parents.

• Aquatic therapy is a feasible intervention in children requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation, although certain difficulties should be addressed in terms of implementation, together with challenges regarding safety and planning.

• These difficulties may be overcome by promoting coordination between professionals, creating security protocols, and/or facilitating specialised education for therapists.

Keywords:

• Aquatic exercise
• artificial respiration
• paediatric intensive care units
• physical therapy modalities
• qualitative research

Acknowledgements

The authors thank all participants involved in this study. The authors also extend a special thanks to Isabel Quintero for her assistance with the write-up and review of this study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).