Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation for the assessment of wrist spasticity: reliability, validation and correlation with clinical measures

Abstract

Purpose

To determine feasibility and reliability of using repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) to induce wrist extension movement for the assessment of spasticity in wrist flexors, instead of the passive stretch used in the modified Tardieu scale.

Methods

Spasticity was assessed with the index of movement restriction (iMR), calculated as the difference between the range of maximum wrist passive movement and the rPMS-induced movement, in 12 healthy subjects (HS), 12 acute stroke patients without spasticity (AS) and 12 chronic stroke patients with spasticity (CS). Test-retest reliability and clinical correlation were assessed in CS patients before Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) treatment.

Results

In comparison to HS and AS patients, CS patients showed statistically significant reduction of rPMS-induced movement amplitude, velocity, and acceleration. The mean iMR was 2.8 (SD = 2.6) in HS, 13.0 (SD = 11.2) in AS and 59.2 (SD = 23.4) in CS. This score significantly reduced to 41.1 (SD = 19.7) in CS after BoNT-A (p < 0.01). Test-retest reliability was very good, with an intraclass correlation coefficient ranging between 0.85 and 0.99 for the variables analysed.

Conclusions

We have shown good reliability and feasibility of a new method providing quantifiable data for the assessment of spasticity and its response to BoNT-A treatment.

IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION

• The muscle contraction induced by repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) in paretic muscles of post-stroke patients was used to assess spasticity.

• The index of movement restriction (iMR), calculated as the difference between the maximum passive range of movement and the rPMS induced movement, improved after botulinum toxin treatment.

• Measuring spastic reactions to rPMS provides quantifiable and reliable data for follow-up and assessment of therapeutic benefits.

Keywords:

• Spasticity
• stroke rehabilitation
• repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation
• modified Tardieu scale

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the help of all healthy volunteers and patients that donated their time for the study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.