Features and impact of dysphagia, dysphonia and laryngeal hypersensitivity in whiplash associated disorder – a qualitative study

Abstract

Purpose

Investigation into dysphagia, dysphonia and laryngeal hypersensitivity after whiplash is limited, offering minimal insight into specific features and impact. This study aimed to explore these symptoms.

Materials and methods

A qualitative interpretive description design was used. Eleven participants with chronic Whiplash Associated Disorder and self-reported swallowing, voice and/or throat-related problems completed baseline symptom questionnaires and were offered a videofluroscopic swallow study to investigate baseline swallowing biomechanics. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore features of swallowing, voice and laryngeal sensory complaints and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

There were high baseline levels of self-reported neck, pain- and throat-related disability and psychological distress. There was no evidence of baseline deficits in swallow biomechanics. Thematic analysis revealed 5 themes: (1) A range of features of dysphagia and dysphonia exist after whiplash with varied clinical course; (2) Activity and participation in swallow and voice activities have changed; (3) There are psychological and emotional impacts; (4) Features of laryngeal hypersensitivity co-exist and (5) There are barriers to management.

Conclusions

Swallow, voice and laryngeal sensory problems after whiplash were described, with impacts on quality of life and barriers to management. These insights broaden understanding of post-whiplash sequalae, indicating the need for better detection.

Implications for rehabilitation

• Dysphagia, dysphonia and laryngeal hypersensitivity are under-recognised consequences of whiplash.

• Individuals presenting with dysphagia, dysphonia and laryngeal sensory symptoms after whiplash experience significant implications to wellbeing, activity and participation.

• Improved understanding of these symptoms may facilitate better detection and subsequent referral to speech-language pathology.

• Greater understanding into the functional and psychosocial implications of these symptoms may guide more effective post-whiplash assessments and informed rehabilitation.

Keywords:

• Whiplash
• dysphagia
• swallowing
• deglutition
• dysphonia
• voice
• laryngeal hypersensitivity

Disclosure statement

Author JME reports 3% interest in orofacial therapeutics, LC (<USD$5,000 per annum). No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Stipend Scholarship. Author TR is funded by a NHMRC Career Development Fellowship.