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Articles

Ghettos of the Mind: Sport, Global Marginality and Social Imagination in Banlieue noire

Pages 399-415 | Published online: 09 Nov 2011
 

Abstract

After summarising the transnationality inherent in understandings of the banlieue and guarding against the temptations of ‘conflation’ with the ‘American ghetto’, the paper nonetheless acknowledges the similarities between the two places not simply because of their marginalised position vis-à-vis the centre, but also because of their shared and exchanged references to sports, culture, and politics. It examines this theme through Thomté Ryam's 2006 novel Banlieue noire, which is first situated within contexts for reading the banlieue novel—that is, within the paradigms and expectations of the French Republic and its institutions. In the case of Banlieue noire, the footballer Lilian Thuram and the sociologist Alain Caillé present the novel as an ethnographic testimony on the French school system. The paper counters this reductive tendency through a close reading of the uses of sports as theme, metaphor, and index, which also speak to a system of global exchange among banlieue residents. Ultimately, the essay expands this system in order to argue for the idea of ‘global marginality’ as a model for future readings of banlieue literatures, a concept that can speak to the tensions within the banlieue novel between hyper-local, national, and global concerns.

Comme introduction, j'examine la pertinence du caractère transnational inhérent à la compréhension des banlieues en France, tout en évitant la tentation d'une équivalence simpliste entre la banlieue et le ghetto américain. Cependant, ma recherche souligne les similarités entre ces deux espaces en tant que positionnement marginal vis-à-vis du centre, mais aussi en raison de leurs relations communes au sport, à la culture et à la politique. Je propose une analyse de Banlieue noire de Thomté Ryam (2006) en tant que roman qui subvertit les paradigmes et attentes de la République Française. Ma lecture se situera en contrepoint de celles du footballeur Lilian Thuram et du sociologue Alain Caillé pour qui le roman de Ryam n'est rien d'autre qu'un témoignage ethnographique sur le système éducatif français. Mon article s'intéresse au sport en tant qu'un thème et une métaphore qui, au final, donne à voir un système d'échange global entre les habitants de la banlieue. Le but ultime de cet essai est ainsi de suggérer l'idée de « marginalité globale » comme modèle de lecture des « littératures de banlieue », en tant qu'elle s'avère importante dans la compréhension du « roman de banlieue », lui-même tendu sur la corde raide entre préoccupations locales, nationales, et mondiales.

Notes

 [1] These are concerns shared by the French government. See ‘Des ghettos français: abus de langage, réalité ou terme écran’ (http://www.strategie.gouv.fr/article.php3?id_article = 1170).

 [2] On Urban Outcasts generally (Wacquant Citation2007b) see Gilbert (Citation2010).

 [3] The banlieue novels' sense of immobility is a key point of separation from romans d'immigration or novels written by immigrants in France (i.e. Cazaneve Citation2007; Jules-Rosette Citation1998; Thomas Citation2007).

 [4] Ryam is an example of this expansion, born in France to parents from Chad.

 [5] See also Paul Silverstein's idea of ‘trans-politics’ (Silverstein Citation2004).

 [6] The question's centrality is summarised by Caillé (Citation2006, p. 5).

 [7] Maradona is from a poor section of Buenos Aires, Henry is from Les Ulis outside Paris, Rivaldo is from the favelas of Recife, Vieira grew up in poverty in Dreux, Weah is from Monrovia's slums, Okocha played without a real ball as a child in Nigeria.

 [8] For a history of the French in Thailand/Siam, see Paloczi-Horvath (Citation1995).

 [9] This participates in a trend—the ‘anxiety of the popular’—concerning ‘francophone’ fiction. See Bongie (Citation2008).

[10] ‘Pop’ products are crucial to Deleuze and Guattari's ‘minor literature’ (1986).

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