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Articles

Disorder, les forces de l’ordre and the re-ordering of capitalism in May–June 1968

Pages 115-128 | Published online: 27 Feb 2018
 

Abstract

The uprising of May–June 1968 in France is known for its intense street battles between demonstrators and police. But, despite the intensity of the clashes and the thousands of injuries sustained, it is also known for the relatively small number of deaths; this is perhaps particularly surprising given France’s history of ferocious and lethal state repression in moments of protest and revolution. An examination of the ways in which those deploying the police reacted to profound social and political crisis reveals much about how different individuals and factions conceived of the nature of the status quo in 1968, and their views on whether the established order could be allowed to adapt without threatening its very existence. This was, in short, a struggle between many actors over what constituted order and what constituted disorder. Discussion of the role of Prefect of Police for the Paris region, Maurice Grimaud, is crucial, but it is also important to look at the part played by the Communist Party and the trade unions and the way the various players approached the process of change and, arguably, the process of ‘modernisation’.

Résumé

Le soulèvement de mai–juin 1968 en France est connu pour ses batailles intenses entre manifestants et policiers. Mais, malgré l’intensité de ces affrontements et les blessures reçues par les manifestants et les policiers, les événements sont connus aussi pour le fait qu’il y a peu de morts; ceci est peut-être particulièrement surprenant étant donné l’histoire plus générale d’une répression de l’état français souvent mortelle, surtout aux moments de protestation et de révolution. Une exploration des manières par lesquelles ceux qui dirigeaient les actions policières ont réagi à cette crise sociale et politique révèle beaucoup en ce qui concerne la façon dont ils concevaient le caractère de l’ordre établi en 1968, et leurs points de vue sur une possible mutation du statu quo. Bref, c’était une lutte entre beaucoup d’acteurs différents sur le caractère de l’ordre et le désordre. Une discussion du rôle du Péfet de Police pour la région parisienne, Maurice Grimaud, est cruciale, mais il est aussi important d’examiner les rôles joués par le Parti communiste et les syndicats, et la façon dont les divers acteurs ont abordé la question de la mutation de la société, voire sa ‘modernisation’.

Acknowledgment

I would like to thank Philippe Le Goff, Fergus Hewlett and two anonymous referees for comments on earlier drafts of this article.

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