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Abstract
A World Heritage (WH) designation requires that international obligations to protect and conserve pre-eminent natural and cultural heritage properties be implemented at a local level. As part of this obligation to protect, each WH property needs to be demarcated in space (or bounded). While there is a large literature relating to the efficacy of protected area management from a wide variety of perspectives which include, but are not limited to, tourism, livelihood and dislocation issues, this paper argues that further studies that specifically assess the significance and/or relevance of WH property boundary-making from a local perspective are required to aid WH site management. Using the Angkor Archaeological Park WH property in Cambodia as a case study, this paper documents local perceptions about WH boundaries, and demonstrates that, in this example, there is a discrepancy between local expectations and the official designation of the spatial extent for the heritage property. Moreover, it is argued that the unique circumstances surrounding the listing of Angkor resulted in rigid boundaries that lack local resonance and that continue to create challenges for local people and the management authority. Although Angkor's circumstances are inimitable, there are wider lessons that can be drawn from this example about the efficacy of WH and protected area ‘boundary-making'.
Acknowledgements
Funding for this study was provided by an Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage Grant, LP0454989, known as the Living with Heritage Project. The author wishes to thank Dr Eleanor Bruce and Dr Dan Penny for their support. Special recognition goes to the residents of Angkor who participated in this study and to the management authority, APSARA, for their collaboration. Colleagues at the University of Sydney provided invaluable feedback on earlier drafts of this paper.