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Original Articles

Is the CSU Still a Volkspartei?

Pages 97-113 | Published online: 14 Jun 2013
 

Abstract

One of the peculiarities of the territorial dimension of Christian Democracy in Germany is the fact that it is represented by not one, but two parties: the CDU and the Bavarian CSU. This article focuses on the CSU and discusses the pressures for transformation that it has been subjected to, by focusing on the question of whether it can still be considered as a Volkspartei. The article disaggregates this term around the notions of a majority party (Smith), office-holding party (Fröhlich), membership party (Wiesendahl), cross-class party (Nipperdey) and Kirchheimer's catch-all party. The paper concludes that the CSU remains a Volkspartei, albeit with some qualifications.

Notes

K. Kister, ‘Servus Volkspartei CSU. Vorbei die Zeiten, als die bayerischen Lodenmachos gelegentlich sogar ihre große Schwesterpartei überrollten. Was so von der CSU übrigbleibt, ist nur ein CDU Landesverband in Dirndl und Lederhose’, Süddeutsche Zeitung, 30 Sept. 2008, p. 4.

O. Kirchheimer, ‘The Transformation of the Western European Party System’, in J. LaPalombara and M. Weiner (eds), Political Parties and Political Development (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1966), pp. 177–200.

This approach is based upon the ideas of Gordon Smith. See G. Smith, ‘The German Volkspartei and the Career of the Catch-All Concept’, in G. Smith and H. Döring (eds), Party Government and Political Culture in Western Germany (London: Macmillan), pp. 59–76.

We use the term ‘political culture’ in the traditional German way to describe the behavioural standards and underpinning political interaction, rather than the sociological definition classically developed by Anglo-American scholars such as Almond and Verba. See G. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1959).

E. Wiesendahl, Volksparteien: Aufstieg, Krise, Zukunft (Opladen: Barbara Budrich), here p. 108.

Cf. T. Nipperdey, Die Organisation der deutschen Parteien vor 1918 (Düsseldorf: Habiliationsschrift, 1961).

G. Smith, ‘Stages of European Development: Electoral Change and System Adaptation’, in D. Urwin and W. Paterson (eds), Politics in Western Europe Today (London: Longman, 1990), pp. 251–69.

R. Harmel and K. Janda, ‘An Integrated Theory of Party Change’, Journal of Theoretical Politics 6/3 (1994), pp. 259–87.

Compare to the concept of a membership-based party in E. Wiesendahl, Mitgliederpartei am Ende? Eine Kritik der Niedergangsdiskussion (Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2006).

Kirchheimer, ‘The Transformation of the Western European Party System’.

M. Klein and U. von Alemann, ‘Wann braucht die Demokratie Parteien?’, in T. Spier et al. (eds), Parteimitglieder in Deutschland (Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2011), here pp. 12–13.

Ibid.

See M. Sebaldt, ‘Erfolgreiche Volkspartei – Volkspartei mit Zukunft?’, in G. Hopp, M. Sebaldt and B. Zeitler (eds), Die CSU: Strukturwandel, Modernisierung und Herausforderungen einer Volkspartei (Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2010), here p. 565.

H. Hinterberger, ‘Die CSU als Gralshüter landwirtschaftlicher Interessen? CSU und Landwirtschaft unter spezieller Beachtung des Bayerischen Bauernverbandes’, in Hopp et al. (eds), Die CSU, here pp. 99–120.

See Sebaldt, ‘Erfolgreiche Volkspartei – Volkspartei mit Zukunft?’, p. 565.

Wiesendahl, Mitgliederpartei am Ende?, p. 11.

Kirchheimer, ‘The Transformation of the Western European Party System’.

T. Bräuninger and M. Debus, ‘Der Einfluss von Koalitionsaussagen, programmatischen Standpunkten und der Bundespolitik auf die Regierungsbildung in den deutschen Ländern’, Politische Vierteljahresschrift 49/2 (2008), pp. 309–38.

Infratest dimap, WahlREPORT zur 16: Landtagswahl Bayern 2008 (Berlin: Infratest dimap, 2008).

CSU, Leitbild 2010plus: Beschluss des Parteitages der Chrislich-Sozialen Union am 29/30. Oktober 2010 in München, available from http://www.csu.de/dateien/partei/beschluesse/101030_leitantrag_leitbild2010plus.pdf (accessed 12 March 2012).

See E. Grande, ‘Der Aufstieg der digitalen Mitgliederpartei? Veränderungen der politischen Organisation im digitalem Zeitalter am Beispiel der Piraten’, unpublished manuscript, 2012.

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