Internal semi‐sovereignty acts to constrain German chancellors in domestic politics, while the Richtlinienkompetenz (Article 65) and the Adenauer legacy in the public mind presuppose a chancellor who determines the guidelines of policy. German chancellors have typically responded by taking a selective interest in foreign and European policy where the restraints are less pressing and articulating a foreign policy vision which mobilises internally and legitimates externally. The article focuses centrally on vision as a key element of Chancellor Kohl's statecraft, its content and utility.
Helmut kohl, ‘the vision thing’ and escaping the semi‐sovereignty trap
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