The greening of participatory democracy: A reconsideration of theory

Abstract

Concern about the slow progress of liberal representative democracies on questions of sustainable development has encouraged research into alternative forms of democracy which might better inform environmental decision‐making. Forms of deliberative, strong or ‘participatory’ democracy which emphasise greater public involvement in decision‐making have particular appeal for many environmentalists. However, there has been surprisingly little critical evaluation of these theories in an environmental context. This contribution evaluates theories of participatory democracy in the context of environmental management in New Zealand where major restructuring has created new opportunities for experimentation. This opportunity to ‘green’ theories of democracy should force theorists to consider ecological rationality, community diversity, the needs of future generations, claims of intrinsic value, and the political sovereignty of indigenous peoples.