Age-related differences in episodic feeling-of-knowing arise from differences in memory performance

Abstract

Previous studies about the effects of ageing on the episodic feeling-of-knowing (FOK) accuracy and its underlying processes have yielded conflicting results. Recent work suggests that using alternative measures to gamma correlations might allow more accurate and informative interpretations of metamemory performance in ageing. We therefore investigated this issue with a large sample of 59 young and 61 older participants using alternative signal-detection theory (SDT) measures. These measures (receiver operating characteristic curves and Brier score) are recommended in the literature and able to reveal the characteristic profile of impairment in ageing. Our results suggest that the FOK accuracy deficit observed in the literature arises from differences in memory performance. This observation provides a convenient explanation to the previous discrepancies and furthermore supports the interest of the use of SDT-derived measures in the frame of metamemory.

Keywords:

• Metamemory
• Feeling-of-knowing
• Ageing
• Episodic memory
• Signal-detection theory

The authors wish to thank C. Hertzog for his very insightful comments before the submission of this manuscript.

The authors wish to thank C. Hertzog for his very insightful comments before the submission of this manuscript.