Sequential difficulty effects during execution of memory strategies in young and older adults

Abstract

This study aimed at uncovering factors influencing execution of memory strategies and at furthering our understanding of ageing effects on memory performance. To achieve this end, we investigated strategy sequential difficulty (SSD) effects recently demonstrated by Uittenhove and Lemaire in the domain of problem solving. We found that both young and older participants correctly recalled more words using a sentence-construction strategy when this strategy followed an easier strategy (i.e., repetition strategy) or a harder strategy (i.e., mental-image strategy). These SSD effects were of equal magnitude in young and older adults, correlated significantly with Stroop performance in both young and older adults and correlated with N-back performance only in young adults. These findings have important implications for furthering our understanding of memory strategy execution and age-related variations in memory performance, as well for understanding mechanisms underlying SSD effects.

Keywords:

• Recall
• Encoding
• Strategy
• Sequential difficulty
• Executive functions

This research was supported in part by the Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (French National Scientific Funds [NSF]) and by a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [grant number BLAN07-1_196867].

This research was supported in part by the Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (French National Scientific Funds [NSF]) and by a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [grant number BLAN07-1_196867].