The sociolinguistics of variety identification and categorisation: free classification of varieties of spoken English amongst non-linguist listeners

Abstract

In addition to the examination of non-linguists’ evaluations of different speech varieties, in recent years sociolinguists and sociophoneticians have afforded greater attention towards the ways in which naïve listeners perceive, process, and encode spoken language variation, including the identification of language varieties as regionally or socially localised forms. The present study attempts to extend understanding of non-linguists’ perceptions of linguistic diversity through the investigation of how accurately and consistently UK-born students, resident in the north-east of England, can identify the speaker place of origin of six forms of L1 and L2 English. The results demonstrate that whilst the process of encoding indexical properties to and categorisations of speech stimulus as belonging to a specific language variety is complex, there is a clear tendency amongst informants to initially identify the speech as either native or non-native, most especially through the perception of specific segmental and non-segmental phonological features, before attempting more fine-grained classifications. The findings also point to the recognition of speaker place of origin at different levels of awareness, above and below the level of individual consciousness.

Keywords:

• speech perception
• variety identification
• explicit vs. implicit processing
• dialectal awareness
• language awareness
• sociolinguistic awareness

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Robert M. McKenzie

Robert M. McKenzie is a senior lecturer in sociolinguistics at Northumbria University. His research is located within the fields of variationist sociolinguistics, social psychology of language, and speech perception. He has a background in both psychology and linguistics and is interested in folk perceptions of spoken language and, in particular, the ways in which individuals attach social meanings to language variation and how linguistic diversity is indexed within given speech communities. He recently published a monograph entitled The Social Psychology of English as a Global Language (Springer, 2010). Other recent publications include articles in International Journal of Applied Linguistics (2008), Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development (2008), and AILA Review (2011).