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Gender, Place & Culture
A Journal of Feminist Geography
Volume 23, 2016 - Issue 7
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Peeing under surveillance: bathrooms, gender policing, and hate violence

Punto de vista Orinando bajo vigilancia: baños, vigilancia de género y violencia de odio

在监视下小解:浴室、性别纠察,以及仇恨暴力

Pages 983-988 | Received 23 Jun 2014, Accepted 15 Apr 2015, Published online: 01 Sep 2015
 

Abstract

The experiences of trans and gender non-conforming people in public restrooms confirms what feminist scholars have been saying for decades: public space is not a neutral space, rather it is where power is enacted. In this intervention, I extend Foucault’s analysis of docile bodies to gender, suggesting that sex-segregated bathrooms are technologies of disciplinary power, upholding the gender binary by forcing people to choose between men’s and women’s rooms. The resulting lack of safe access to public restrooms is an everyday reality for those who fall outside of gender binary norms. Faced with a built environment that denies their existence and facilitates gender policing, I argue that trans and gender non-conforming people sometimes engage in situational docility. Bodies are adjusted to comply with the cardinal rule of gender – to be readable at a glance – which is often due to safety concerns. Changing the structure of bathrooms to be gender inclusive and/or neutral may decrease gender policing in bathrooms and the need for this situational docility, allowing trans and gender non-conforming people to pee in peace.

Resumen

Las experiencias de las personas trans y género-disconformes en los baños públicos confirma lo que lxs académicxs feministas han estado afirmando durante décadas: el espacio público no es un espacio neutral, sino que es donde se ejerce el poder. En esta intervención, extiendo el análisis de Foucault de los cuerpos dóciles al género sugiriendo que los baños segregados según el sexo son tecnologías de poder disciplinario, sosteniendo el binario de género al forzar a las personas a elegir entre baño de hombres o de mujeres. La resultante falta de acceso seguro a los baños públicos es una realidad cotidiana para aquellos que caen fuera de esas normas binarias de género. Enfrentadxs a un ambiente construido que niega su existencia y facilita la vigilancia de género, sostengo que las personas trans y las personas género-disconformes a menudo se ven envueltas en una docilidad situacional. Los cuerpos se ajustan para cumplir con la regla cardinal del género –para ser legible en un vistazo– lo que a menudo se hace por cuestiones de seguridad. Cambiar la estructura de los baños para ser género-inclusivos y/o neutrales podría disminuir la vigilancia de género en los baños y la necesidad de esta docilidad situacional, permitiendo a las personas trans y género-disconformes orinar en paz.

摘要

跨性别与性别非主流人群在公共厕所的经验,确认了女性主义学者数十年来的主张:公共空间并非中性空间,而是权力上演之处。我将在此般介入中,将傅柯对于规训的身体之分析延伸至性别,主张以性徵划分的厕所,是规训权力的技术,透过强迫人们在男性与女性空间中做出选择,维护性别二元对立。而对于落在性别二元对立常规之外的人们而言,其所导致的缺乏使用公共厕所的安全管道,则是他们每日所面临的现实。我主张,跨性别与性别非主流者在面对否认其存在、并促成性别纠察的建成环境时,有时会涉入视情况而定的顺从。他们时常基于安全考量而调整身体,使其符合基本的性别规范——使之乍看之下能够被辨认。改变厕所的结构,使之成为性别包容和/或中性,或能减少厕所中的性别纠察,以及此般视情况而定的顺从之必要性,让跨性别与性别非主流者能够平和地小解。

Acknowledgments

Thanks to Lynda Johnston and the reviewers for their feedback and edits, which were helpful in the revision of this article. Thanks also to Monica Varsanyi, Rosalind Petchesky, Barbara Katz Rothman, and Daniela Jauk, as well as my writing group (Hamad Sindhi, Darren Kwong, and Carlos Camacho) for their comments on the early drafts of this article.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

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