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Gender, Place & Culture
A Journal of Feminist Geography
Volume 23, 2016 - Issue 8
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Original Articles

Birthing modernity: spatial discourses of cesarean birth in São Paulo, Brazil

Parir la modernidad: discursos espaciales del parto por cesárea en San Pablo, Brasil

孕育现代性:巴西圣保罗的剖腹产空间论述

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Pages 1207-1220 | Received 02 Jan 2015, Accepted 26 Sep 2015, Published online: 02 Feb 2016
 

Abstract

In this article, we explore the ways that spatial discourses inform women’s birth experiences, focusing in particular on urban Brazilian women’s experience of caesarean section. In particular, we draw on interviews conducted in São Paulo with 22 women and five doctors in order to analyse the ways the discourses of modernity, development and nationalism are drawn on and themselves constituted in the way that women narrate their birth experiences. We also explore the meanings that are given to these terms in women’s narrations in order to address the cultural specificity of the way that these discourses play out in the Brazilian context. We argue that spatial referents concretize discourses of modernity, and are employed in mothers’ and doctors’ birth narratives in order to give meaning to birth experiences. In particular, we find that these discourses provide a means of interpreting birth experiences in a positive way and providing spatialized subject positions which confer status and value to both people and places. In exploring these themes, we seek to further understandings of the ways that narratives of place help to frame and give meaning to women’s reproductive lives.

Resumen

En este artículo, analizamos las formas en que los discursos espaciales informan las experiencias de parto de las mujeres, centrándonos en particular en la experiencia de cesáreas de mujeres en zonas urbanas de Brasil. Específicamente, nos basamos en entrevistas llevadas a cabo en San Pablo con veintidós mujeres y cinco médicxs, con el objetivo de analizar cómo los discursos de modernidad, desarrollo y nacionalismo se utilizan y se constituyen en la manera en que las mujeres narran sus experiencias de parto. También estudiamos los significados que se dan a estos términos en las narraciones de las mujeres para abordar la especificidad cultural de la forma en que estos discursos actúan en el contexto brasilero. Sostenemos que los referentes espaciales concretan discursos de modernidad y son utilizados en las narrativas de parto de madres y médicxs para darle significado a estas experiencias. En particular, encontramos que estos discursos dan un medio para interpretar las experiencias de parto en forma positiva y proveen posiciones de sujeto espacializadas que confieren estatus y valor tanto a las personas como a los lugares. Al analizar estos temas buscamos profundizar nuestro conocimiento sobre las maneras en que las narrativas de lugar ayudan a enmarcar y dar significado a las vidas reproductivas de las mujeres.

摘要

我们于本文中,探讨空间论述告知女性生产经验的方式,并特别聚焦巴西城市中的女性剖腹产经验。我们特别运用对圣保罗的二十二位女性及五位医师所进行的访谈,以分析现代性、发展和国族主义的论述被运用的方式,以及它们在女性叙述自身生产经验中的自我构成。我们同时探讨女性叙事中赋予这些概念的意涵,以处理这些论述在巴西脉络中展现的文化特殊性。我们主张,空间指示将现代性论述具体化,并运用于母亲与医生的生产叙事中,以赋予生产经验意义。我们特别发现,这些论述提供了以正面的方式诠释生产经验,并提供授予人和地方身份及价值的空间化主体位置之工具。我们在探讨这些主题中,寻求进一步理解地方叙事如何协助架构并赋予意义给女性再生产的生活之方式。

Acknowledgements

We would like to express our gratitude to Avril Maddrell and the two anonymous reviewers of the paper whose suggestions helped us shape the arguments presented here. We would also like to extend a sincere thanks to those mothers and doctors who so willingly participated in this research. We are grateful for their kindness, generosity, and support.

Notes

1. We use the term ‘vaginal birth’ in this paper to refer to giving birth to a child through the vaginal canal. The women and doctors interviewed for this research, however, commonly used the terms ‘natural birth’ and ‘normal birth’ to describe vaginal birth, even when it was carried out in the setting of the hospital and involved medical intervention, such as an epidural or inclusion of hormones.

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