Reexamining transport poverty, job access, and gender issues in Central and Eastern Europe

Abstract

Tirana, the Balkan capital examined in this study, displays patterns of gendered job search behavior and access, which are unique within contemporary Europe and even within post-socialist Central and Eastern Europe. Here, it is a rather spatially constricted job search range rather than transport poverty that prevents women living in first-ring suburbs from attaining satisfactory employment. Female commutes are extraordinarily short and most often on foot. While the city now has nearly one million inhabitants and a high car ownership rate, and is located in Europe, the employment and mobility choices and behaviors of its female residents resemble those in developing rather than developed countries, and in small rather than large cities. The reasons underpinning this situation have more to do with socio-cultural gender barriers and less with transport poverty or labor market weaknesses. This finding might apply to other Balkan capitals or cities outside Europe, which have recently experienced large waves of internal migration and where both existing residents and newcomers have not yet adjusted to ‘big city’ life.

Keywords:

• Tirana
• Albania
• Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)
• transport poverty
• accessibility
• gender issues
• labor market
• job search range

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to all survey participants in Tirana, and the economics students at the University of Tirana, who assisted with the data collection. Many thanks are also owed to the journal editor and reviewers for their input, encouragement, and patience.