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Notes
2I argued this in my first article in this journal over 30 years ago and the point is still valid (Wheatcroft Citation1974, pp. 157 – 180).
3 See Wheatcroft (Citation1985a, pp. 217 – 246), a special issue of the journal Russian History/Histoire Russe; ‘A Brief History of the Balance of the National Economy’, in Wheatcroft and Davies (Citation1985, pp. 34 – 48); and more recently ‘O zernovykh balansakh i otsenkakh urozhainosti v SSSR v 1931 – 33gg.’ (Wheatcroft Citation2001, pp. 842 – 865).
4This is the term that Osinsky used to describe the phenomena in his first address to TsUNKhU personnel after being reinstated as head of the statistical office in January 1932 (see Osinskii Citation1932, p. 5).
5This is described in detail in Davies and Wheatcroft (Citation2004, pp. 133 – 135).
6See Selskoe Khozyaistvo SSSR, Moscow, 1931, and Kolkhozy Vesnoi 1931g: Statisticheskaya razrabotka otchetov kolkozov ob itogakh vesennego seva 1931 goda, Moscow, 1932.
7For a history of these food consumption statistics see Wheatcroft (Citation1993, p. 151) and Wheatcroft (Citation1997, pp. 1 – 34).
8One of the first major achievements of this sector was their balance of the national economy of the USSR for 1928 – 30 which was published in a restrictive form (with a security classification) in 1932 and which was published in the West over 20 years ago (see Wheatcroft & Davies Citation1985).
9Later in the 1930s the situation became even more complex.
10 Dinamika kolkhozov za 1930 – 32gg. Po materialam godovykh otchetov, Moscow, 1934.
11RGAE, F.1562/77/158, ll. 1 – 36.
12Earlier, as a result of the transcription error I had argued that the reweighted kolkhoz yield should have been 6.2 instead of the unweighted figure of 5.4 tsentners per hectare.
13In estimates were made of the total kolkhoz sown area in each region served by MTS and not served by MTS by using the coefficients supplied in the 1932 kolkhoz reports. This was the origin of my columns AC, AD and AE. These columns were not based on Selskoe Khozyaistvo SSSR 1936, pp. 243 – 249, nor on pp. 252 – 259. None of the tables in Selskoe Khozyaistvo provide a breakdown of kolkhoz sown area divided between those kolkhozy served by MTS and those not served. A comparison with the result later provided in Selskoe Khozyaistvo SSSR, 1936 will obviously be useful, and that is now included in the new column AF. See the note to Appendix 1 for further details.
14In his recent article Tauger qualifies his statement to say that ‘no previous historians of the famine had ever even mentioned this topic [rust and other plant diseases]’ (2006, p. 982). And in a footnote he excuses himself for ignoring Mary Matossian by stating ‘Mary Matossian, who is not a specialist on the famine or Stalinism, noted outbreaks of ergot (but not rust) in 1932: see Matossian (Citation1989, p. 25)’. This is really quibbling, and, as I will explain below, when Professor Matossian refers to unidentified Fusarium poisoning being present in the USSR in the 1930s, which were only identified as Alimentary toxic aleikiia by the Soviet Ministry of Health, she is probably closer to the mark than Professor Tauger.
15My early crop weather indicator based on monthly temperature and precipitation data for five Russian weather stations from the 1880s to 1940 was described in SIPS 20 – 21 (Wheatcroft 1981). Subsequently daily data for a much larger number of weather stations have become available and have enabled more detailed pictures to emerge. Tauger, despite wanting to be seen as a pioneer in this area, appears to be unaware that such detailed data exists, and made the extraordinary claim that no reliable meteorological data are available for these years.