The struggle for press freedom in Russia: reflections of a Russian journalist

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Notes

‘Internews’ was renamed Obrazovannye Media following the new NGO/NPO law passed in December 2005 and published in January 2006, reported in Rossiiskaya gazeta on 17 January 2006; available at: http://www.rg.ru/2006/01/17/nko-poryadok-dok.html, last accessed 1 August 2007.

See the television stations' websites: http://www.tvc.ru/ and http://www.ntv.ru, last accessed 1 August 2007.

According to Dmitrii Muratov, editor-in-chief of Novaya gazeta, in his speech at Moscow Journalist Club on 10 October 2006, the paper's total readership never exceeded one million, with its customary distribution at around 100,000.

Zhurnalistika i mediarynok, Special Issue, October 2006.

Zhurnalistika i mediarynok, Special Issue, October 2006, pp. 1 – 8; Novaya gazeta, 9 and 16 October 2006; Zhurnalist 11 (2007), p. 3.

According to the Russian Ministry of Culture and Mass Communications there are over 50,000, including a great number of highly active private publications.

Zhurnalistika i mediarynok, Special Issue, October 2006; Zhurnalist 11, 2006, pp. 3, 5 – 7; Centre for Journalism in Extreme Situations (www.cjes.ru); Glasnost Defence Foundation (www.gdf.ru). Sites last accessed 1 August 2007.

The backdrop of the South Bronx was famously used in Valentin Zorin's reports from New York for the official Russian TV news bulletin Vremya.

The concept of the ‘New Russian’ first appeared in its pages.

The Sunday supplement has a circulation of 2.8 million, compared with their daily circulation of 700,000.

See, for example the RUJ (www.ruj.ru) report by Yakovenko on the 26th IFJ congress in Moscow in 2007, available at: http://www.ruj.ru/congress/index.html, last accessed 1 August 2007.

As reported in the documents for the 25th IFJ congress in Athens in 2004 (www.ifj.org).

Report by Yakovenko on the 26th IFJ congress in Moscow in 2007 for RUJ (www.ruj.ru); see especially http://www.ruj.ru/congress/index.html, last accessed 1 August 2007.

On 1 September 2004 a group of Chechen separatists took hostage over 1,200 school children and parents in School No. 1 in the Ossetian town of Beslan. On the third day gunfire broke out and during the ensuing storming by the Russian special forces over 334 civilians were killed.

Quoted in the report on the 26th IFJ congress in Moscow in 2007 for RUJ, available at: http://www.ruj.ru/congress/index.html, last accessed 1 August 2007.

See online reports for the Centre for Journalism in Extreme Situations (http://www.cjes.ru/bulletin/) and Glasnost Defence Foundation (www.gdf.ru).

S. Zimina, ‘Bunt na ploshchadi Stolypina’, Zhurnalist 8 (2006), available at: http://www.journalist-virt.ru/2006/8/17.php, accessed 15 July 2007. Please note that content of the print and online versions of Zhurnalist varies.

Centre for Journalism in Extreme Situations, Bulletins, available at: http://www.cjes.ru/bulletin/, last accessed 1 August 2007.

‘Editorial: Glasnost Map’, Zhurnalist, June 2007, p. 25.

Mikhail Lesin, Radio Mayak, 2 October 2000.

For example, on www.strana.ru and www.ntv.ru, last accessed 1 August 2007.

Quoted in Nina Ognianova, ‘Getting Away with Murder in the Former Soviet States’, CPJ Reports, 2006, available at: http://www.cpj.org/attacks06/europe06/eur_analysis_06.html, last accessed 1 August 2007.

See Claire Bigg, ‘Russia: Putin Press Conference Low on News, High on Charms’, Radio Liberty/Radio Free Europe, 1 February 2007, available at: http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2007/02/1ecf2ec4-b70d-4e3d-9fa9-15cefb2692b6.html, last accessed 1 August 2007.

‘Marshiruyushchshie na kostyakh’, Editorial, Komsomol'skaya pravda, 15 December 2006.

See Zhurnalist 12, 2006, and Azhgikhina and Grishina (2007, p. 56).